UNC PLCY 110 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
gains from trade - Answers - Each country can concentrate its efforts on what it does
best (specialize) and trade some of those goods for goods that other countries produce
most efficiently
Protectionism - Answers - Government policy of restricting imports to "protect" domestic
industries from foreign competition
race to the bottom - Answers - a dynamic in which states compete to attract business by
lowering taxes and regulations, often to workers' detriment
S-shaped curve - Answers - shows income in the future as opposed to income today
and shows at what point people get stuck in a poverty trap
time inconsistency - Answers - tendency to systematically misjudge at the present time
what you will want to do at some future time
public goods - Answers - Goods that are neither excludable nor rival in consumption
free riders - Answers - people who benefit from the group but give little in return
Externalities - Answers - economic side effects or by-products that affect an uninvolved
third party; can be negative or positive
institutions - Answers - a mechanism of social order governing the behavior of
individuals within a community
moral hazard - Answers - Arises when people behave recklessly because they know
they will be saved if things go wrong
Adverse Selection - Answers - the situation in which one party to a transaction takes
advantage of knowing more than the other party to the transaction
fraud - Answers - A deliberate deception intended to secure an unfair or unlawful gain
cash transfers - Answers - direct payments of money to eligible poor people
migrant - Answers - traveler who moves from one region or country to another
refugee - Answers - A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to
escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
asylum seeker - Answers - Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope
of being recognized as a refugee
, internally displaced - Answers - someone who is forced to leave his or her home and
community but who remains in the same country
proscriptive - Answers - forbidding or restricting something
prescriptive - Answers - of or relating to the imposition or enforcement of a rule or
method
civil rights - Answers - the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
welfare rights - Answers - right to receive basic goods- education, health care,
protection
Universalism - Answers - Everyone entitled to certain rights without distinctions based
on race, sex, language, religion, political opinion, nationality, or other status. All
governments can be expected to guarantee these rights for all the people that live under
their jurisdiction.
Relativism - Answers - : Human values vary according to cultural perspectives and the
application or promotion of rights will vary by country or region. Governments should be
free to choose which rights to provide.
CEDAW - Answers - Neither traditional, religious or cultural practice nor incompatible
domestic laws and policies can justify violations of the Convention
Genocide - Answers - Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
Chapter VII of UN Charter - Answers - allows the Security Council to "determine the
existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to
take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security"
The responsibility to protect (R2P) - Answers - Principle adopted by world leaders in
2005 holding governments responsible for protecting civilians from genocide and crimes
against humanity perpetrated within a sovereign state
Anthropogenic Global Warming - Answers - idea that humans are responsible for global
warming and climate change
Risk perception - Answers - subjective judgement that people make about the
characteristics and severity of a risk
Tragedy of the commons - Answers - situation in which people acting individually and in
their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for
the entire community
gains from trade - Answers - Each country can concentrate its efforts on what it does
best (specialize) and trade some of those goods for goods that other countries produce
most efficiently
Protectionism - Answers - Government policy of restricting imports to "protect" domestic
industries from foreign competition
race to the bottom - Answers - a dynamic in which states compete to attract business by
lowering taxes and regulations, often to workers' detriment
S-shaped curve - Answers - shows income in the future as opposed to income today
and shows at what point people get stuck in a poverty trap
time inconsistency - Answers - tendency to systematically misjudge at the present time
what you will want to do at some future time
public goods - Answers - Goods that are neither excludable nor rival in consumption
free riders - Answers - people who benefit from the group but give little in return
Externalities - Answers - economic side effects or by-products that affect an uninvolved
third party; can be negative or positive
institutions - Answers - a mechanism of social order governing the behavior of
individuals within a community
moral hazard - Answers - Arises when people behave recklessly because they know
they will be saved if things go wrong
Adverse Selection - Answers - the situation in which one party to a transaction takes
advantage of knowing more than the other party to the transaction
fraud - Answers - A deliberate deception intended to secure an unfair or unlawful gain
cash transfers - Answers - direct payments of money to eligible poor people
migrant - Answers - traveler who moves from one region or country to another
refugee - Answers - A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to
escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
asylum seeker - Answers - Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope
of being recognized as a refugee
, internally displaced - Answers - someone who is forced to leave his or her home and
community but who remains in the same country
proscriptive - Answers - forbidding or restricting something
prescriptive - Answers - of or relating to the imposition or enforcement of a rule or
method
civil rights - Answers - the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
welfare rights - Answers - right to receive basic goods- education, health care,
protection
Universalism - Answers - Everyone entitled to certain rights without distinctions based
on race, sex, language, religion, political opinion, nationality, or other status. All
governments can be expected to guarantee these rights for all the people that live under
their jurisdiction.
Relativism - Answers - : Human values vary according to cultural perspectives and the
application or promotion of rights will vary by country or region. Governments should be
free to choose which rights to provide.
CEDAW - Answers - Neither traditional, religious or cultural practice nor incompatible
domestic laws and policies can justify violations of the Convention
Genocide - Answers - Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
Chapter VII of UN Charter - Answers - allows the Security Council to "determine the
existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to
take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security"
The responsibility to protect (R2P) - Answers - Principle adopted by world leaders in
2005 holding governments responsible for protecting civilians from genocide and crimes
against humanity perpetrated within a sovereign state
Anthropogenic Global Warming - Answers - idea that humans are responsible for global
warming and climate change
Risk perception - Answers - subjective judgement that people make about the
characteristics and severity of a risk
Tragedy of the commons - Answers - situation in which people acting individually and in
their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for
the entire community
