Einführung in die Syntax, Argument structure

SSYYNNTTAA# Week 2




☐ Constituent
Word s
some
belong to
gether
•




☐
constituency tests
1. Re placement Test

•

If we can re place a Sequence of wirds ✗ with a Single Word or an other sequ Of wordsß .
✗ =
constituent
" "
An old who walked into the shop gave my friend nice umbrella
•

wo man a

11 Pronomina lisation

When a Of wirds a be replaced by pronoun 13ns constituent
'


can
sequ . ✗ =




umbrellä
"
"
An old who walked into the Shop gave my friend
"
nice she
'
•

wo man a

1. 2. Question Test
'

When a
sequ Of Word s
.
✗ can be question ed no ✗ = constituent
" "
•
An old wo man who walked into the shop gave my friend a nice umbrella

* Who gave
my friend an umbrella ?

2. Ellipsis Test
If of words be deleted ✗ constituent
•


a sequ .
✗ can =



" "
Someone
gave my friend umbrella , but I don't know who gave my friend umbrella
•

an an

3. Movement Test
•

When a
sequ . Of wirds a can more ,
then a is constituent
"
Anson danced extreme/ y frantically at Trade At Trade ,
•


a . . .




Test ( siehe Glossar)
4. Getting
5. Coordination Test
•

If a sequ . ✗ & ß can be coordinated a ✗ & ß = constituents
"
old gave my friend umbrella and rain coat constituents
•


An wo man an a a ✗ + ß =




☐ Hierarchie at Structure of sentences
Tree terminologie
Nodes :( onstituents in free
✗
a
yb zcd a


root Branch es : Connect no des
✗
Terminal nodes : nodes that don't branch
a
Y no des Root : Node that dominantes all other
✗
Domina nce : Node ✗ dominantes node ß
b Z
branch es Im mediale Domina nce Node :
✗ dominiert sofort node ß ,
d
c
wenn ✗ der erste Knoten ist , der ß dominiert =

!
M other Node: ✗ immediatly dominantes node ß ß
✗
A ßbla da blieb bli ho
Daughter / Sister :
mother
(
g. g.
A Sisters
G
B ho

bla
H ✗
c

B I HB
da blieb bli a Irs a




r s