Midterm Examination Study Resource - Study Answer Collection

Midterm Examination Study Resource - Study Answer Collection medications taken at night for sedating side effect - answer - "atypical" antipsychotics like quetiapine (Seroquel) or olanzapine (Zyprexa), can cause significant drowsiness Paroxetine taken once at bedtime medications taken with food - answer - metformin (reduce GI effects ) Lurasidone with at least 350 calories for medication effectiveness Lithium and valproic acid (Depakote) often cause gastrointestinal upset, which can be mitigated by taking them with food, and sometimes a split dose Enuresis - answer - DSM-5-TR Criteria (key points): ≥2 episodes/week for ≥3 months OR significant distress/impairment; age ≥5 years; not due to substance/medical condition. Types: Nocturnal: Only at night (most common). Diurnal: Only during day. Mixed: Both. Primary: Never achieved control. Secondary: Lost control after ≥6 months of dryness. Common Treatment: Behavioral (alarms, fluid restriction) & Pharmacological (Desmopressin, Imipramine). Erectile dysfunction...statistics, causes and treatments - answer - Around 40% of men are affected by age 40. Around 70% of men report ED by age 70 Vascular Issues: Insufficient blood flow into the penis High prolactin levels Antidepressants (especially SSRIs) Antihypertensives (e.g., beta-blockers, diuretics) Antihistamines Opioids Sedatives Oral Medications (Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) Inhibitors - First-line pharmacologic): eg Sildenafil (Viagra) ""fils" Important Note: Contraindicated with nitrates Alprostadil: Can be administered as a penile injection · Obtaining a sexual history. - answer - Principles: Privacy, non-judgmental, routine, open-ended questions, permission-seeking, clear language. Components (The "5 Ps"): Partners: Number, gender, new/established. Practices: Types of sexual activity (vaginal, oral, anal). Protection from STIs: Condom use, STI testing, vaccinations (HPV, Hep B). Past History of STIs: Any previous STIs, treatment. Prevention of Pregnancy: Contraception use, pregnancy intentions. Purpose: Assess sexual health, identify risks (STIs, pregnancy), address dysfunction, build rapport, inform care. Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (FSIAD) - answer - Lack of sexual thoughts/fantasies. Decreased initiation of sexual activity. Reduced excitement/pleasure during sexual activity. Absent/reduced response to internal or external sexual cues. Reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity. Diagnosis: Requires at least 3 of the above symptoms for at least 6 months, causing significant distres Female Orgasmic Disorder - answer - Symptoms: Marked difficulty, delay in, or absence of achieving orgasm despite adequate sexual arousal and stimulation. Diagnosis: Requires persistent or recurrent difficulty achieving orgasm in almost all (75-100%) sexual encounters, lasting at least 6 months, and causing significant distress. Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD): - answer - Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent difficulties with one or more of the following: 1. Vaginal penetration during intercourse. 2. Marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or penetration attempts. 3. Marked fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration. 4. Marked tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration. Diagnosis: Requires at least one of these symptoms for at least 6 months, causing significant distress. causes of female sexual dysfunction - answer - Physical: Hormonal (menopause, pregnancy), medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease), medications (antidepressants), gynecological issues. Psychological: Depression, anxiety, stress, trauma. Relationship: Communication, partner dysfunction. Sociocultural: Beliefs, lack of education. treatments for female sexual dysfunction - answer - Flibanserin (Addyi): Oral medication taken daily at bedtime. Acts on serotonin receptors. (Note: In