AP CSP EXAMS SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Shortest Path - ✔✔The lowest wait path between two nodes
✔✔Routing Table - ✔✔A data table stored in a router that lists the routes to particular
network destinations
✔✔Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - ✔✔A group of volunteers, private citizens,
government officials, etc. who promote internet standards
✔✔Peer-to-peer networks - ✔✔Networks that are designed to connect similar
computers that share data and software with each other.
✔✔Censorship of digital information (DI) - ✔✔Commercial & governmental censorship
of DI raise ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Open source software - ✔✔Software that results from the voluntary collaboration of
developers who create programs that they distribute free to others
✔✔Licensing of software - ✔✔Open source and Licensing of software and content raise
ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Aggregation of Information - ✔✔consolidation of information, such as geolocation,
cookies, browsing history, raise ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Anonymity in online interactions - ✔✔can be enable through the use of online
anonymity software and proxi servers
✔✔exploitation of information - ✔✔technology enables an act that exploits or victimizes
someone (treats them unfairly)
✔✔proxy servers - ✔✔server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an
intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers.
✔✔curation - ✔✔How information and content is presented
✔✔target advertising - ✔✔Companies target specific groups like teen or elders, etc.
✔✔intellectual property - ✔✔Refers to intangibles such as ideas, music, art, photos,
logos, movies, and programs that are the result of creativity and intellectual effort.
✔✔Copyright - ✔✔An exclusive right granted by the federal government allowing the
owner to reproduce and sell an artistic or published work.
,✔✔digital millennium copyright Act - ✔✔1998 act that criminalized the circumvention of
any anti-piracy encryption technology on commercial software, eBooks, videos, and
music. It bans the sale and manufacture of devices used to illegally copy digital content.
✔✔wireless - ✔✔a form of computer networking or other communication that uses radio
signals and microwaves to transmit data
✔✔digital divide - ✔✔A term used to describe the discrepancy between people who
have access to and the resources to use new information and communication tools,
such as the internet, and people who do not have the resources and access to the
technology.
✔✔socioeconomic - ✔✔A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth,
occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors
✔✔infrastructure - ✔✔Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or
area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools
✔✔commercial - ✔✔related to business
✔✔browser - ✔✔A program that allows the user to find and view pages on the world
wide web.
✔✔hosts - ✔✔Computers that link individual personal computer users to the Internet are
called:
✔✔lossy compression - ✔✔a process of reducing a file's size by altering and/or
eliminating some pixels
✔✔lossless compression - ✔✔A compression technique that is able to reconstitute all of
the data in the original file; hence "lossless" means that this compression technique
does not lose data
✔✔ISP - ✔✔Internet Service Provider
✔✔Biometrics - ✔✔An automated method of recognizing a person based on physical
characteristics. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris
and voice
✔✔High level programming - ✔✔Provides strong abstraction from the hardware and
allows a program to be written in a language that can run on multiple types of
computers.
Visual by humans.
, Visual Basics, Python, Java.
English type language for programming.
Differentiates the language from assembly language and binary which are technically
also programming languages
✔✔low-level programming - ✔✔written to correspond closely to a computer processor's
circuitry, a programming language that a computer can interpret quickly but that bears
little resemblance to human language.
One that corresponds closely to a computer processor's circuity. (e.g., Machine
Language).
are closer to the hardware than are high-level programming languages, which are closer
to human languages
✔✔CPU - ✔✔Abbreviation of central processing unit. The CPU is the brains of the
computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU
is where most calculations take place.
(Central Processing Unit) The key component of a computer system, which contains the
circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions
✔✔Internet speed - ✔✔Bandwidth
✔✔block programming - ✔✔When a programmer strings together a group of similar
programs.
✔✔data abstraction - ✔✔Representing or storing information with methods that
separate layers of concerns so that the programmer can work with information while
ignoring lower-level details about how the information is represented.
✔✔Parallel processing - ✔✔The processing of several aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions,
including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers
and of conscious problem solving.
✔✔Procedural abstraction - ✔✔is the concept of being able to look at programming
code, identify a block of repetitive programming statements, and place them within one
procedure that can be referenced by many objects, thus making the code easier to
understand and reuse.
✔✔Model - ✔✔A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the
structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
✔✔RGB - ✔✔The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and
blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Shortest Path - ✔✔The lowest wait path between two nodes
✔✔Routing Table - ✔✔A data table stored in a router that lists the routes to particular
network destinations
✔✔Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - ✔✔A group of volunteers, private citizens,
government officials, etc. who promote internet standards
✔✔Peer-to-peer networks - ✔✔Networks that are designed to connect similar
computers that share data and software with each other.
✔✔Censorship of digital information (DI) - ✔✔Commercial & governmental censorship
of DI raise ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Open source software - ✔✔Software that results from the voluntary collaboration of
developers who create programs that they distribute free to others
✔✔Licensing of software - ✔✔Open source and Licensing of software and content raise
ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Aggregation of Information - ✔✔consolidation of information, such as geolocation,
cookies, browsing history, raise ethical and legal concerns.
✔✔Anonymity in online interactions - ✔✔can be enable through the use of online
anonymity software and proxi servers
✔✔exploitation of information - ✔✔technology enables an act that exploits or victimizes
someone (treats them unfairly)
✔✔proxy servers - ✔✔server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an
intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers.
✔✔curation - ✔✔How information and content is presented
✔✔target advertising - ✔✔Companies target specific groups like teen or elders, etc.
✔✔intellectual property - ✔✔Refers to intangibles such as ideas, music, art, photos,
logos, movies, and programs that are the result of creativity and intellectual effort.
✔✔Copyright - ✔✔An exclusive right granted by the federal government allowing the
owner to reproduce and sell an artistic or published work.
,✔✔digital millennium copyright Act - ✔✔1998 act that criminalized the circumvention of
any anti-piracy encryption technology on commercial software, eBooks, videos, and
music. It bans the sale and manufacture of devices used to illegally copy digital content.
✔✔wireless - ✔✔a form of computer networking or other communication that uses radio
signals and microwaves to transmit data
✔✔digital divide - ✔✔A term used to describe the discrepancy between people who
have access to and the resources to use new information and communication tools,
such as the internet, and people who do not have the resources and access to the
technology.
✔✔socioeconomic - ✔✔A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth,
occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors
✔✔infrastructure - ✔✔Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or
area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools
✔✔commercial - ✔✔related to business
✔✔browser - ✔✔A program that allows the user to find and view pages on the world
wide web.
✔✔hosts - ✔✔Computers that link individual personal computer users to the Internet are
called:
✔✔lossy compression - ✔✔a process of reducing a file's size by altering and/or
eliminating some pixels
✔✔lossless compression - ✔✔A compression technique that is able to reconstitute all of
the data in the original file; hence "lossless" means that this compression technique
does not lose data
✔✔ISP - ✔✔Internet Service Provider
✔✔Biometrics - ✔✔An automated method of recognizing a person based on physical
characteristics. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris
and voice
✔✔High level programming - ✔✔Provides strong abstraction from the hardware and
allows a program to be written in a language that can run on multiple types of
computers.
Visual by humans.
, Visual Basics, Python, Java.
English type language for programming.
Differentiates the language from assembly language and binary which are technically
also programming languages
✔✔low-level programming - ✔✔written to correspond closely to a computer processor's
circuitry, a programming language that a computer can interpret quickly but that bears
little resemblance to human language.
One that corresponds closely to a computer processor's circuity. (e.g., Machine
Language).
are closer to the hardware than are high-level programming languages, which are closer
to human languages
✔✔CPU - ✔✔Abbreviation of central processing unit. The CPU is the brains of the
computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU
is where most calculations take place.
(Central Processing Unit) The key component of a computer system, which contains the
circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions
✔✔Internet speed - ✔✔Bandwidth
✔✔block programming - ✔✔When a programmer strings together a group of similar
programs.
✔✔data abstraction - ✔✔Representing or storing information with methods that
separate layers of concerns so that the programmer can work with information while
ignoring lower-level details about how the information is represented.
✔✔Parallel processing - ✔✔The processing of several aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions,
including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers
and of conscious problem solving.
✔✔Procedural abstraction - ✔✔is the concept of being able to look at programming
code, identify a block of repetitive programming statements, and place them within one
procedure that can be referenced by many objects, thus making the code easier to
understand and reuse.
✔✔Model - ✔✔A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the
structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
✔✔RGB - ✔✔The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and
blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The
