TESTBANK
b
,Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry (Answers
b b b b b b
are at the End of Each Chapter)
b b b b b b b
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
b b b b b b b b
A) cell envelope. b
B) cell membrane. b
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
development of:
b b
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability. b
C) plasma membranes. b
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus. b
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) cell membrane. b
B) nuclear envelope. b
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
such as oxygen. Except forhighly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the range of:
b b b
A) 0.1 m to 10 m. b b b b
B) 0.3 m to 30 m. b b b b
C) 0.3 m to 100 m. b b b b
D) 1 m to 100 m. b b b b
E) 1 m to 300 m. b b b b
5. Which group ofsingle-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
b b b b b b b b b b
extreme environments?
b b
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct. b b b b b
Page 1 b
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
b b b b b b b b b b b b
therefore a:
b b
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
b b b b b
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum b b b
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane b b b
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes b b
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes b b b
E) All ofthe answers are correct.
b b b b b
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
b b b b b b b
B) amino acid <protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
b b b b b b b
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
b b b b b b b
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
b b b b b b b
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
b b b b b b b
9. Thethree-dimensional structureofmacromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
b b b b b b b b b
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
noncovalent interaction?
b b
A) carbon-carbon bonds b
B) hydrogen bonds b
C) hydrophobic interactions b
D) ionic interactions b
E) van der Waals interactions
b b b
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2 b
, 11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4)are arranged around carbon to give which
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
geometry?
b
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal b
D) trigonal planar b
E) trigonal pyramidal b
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
b b b b b b b
A) ether and aldehyde
b b
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde b b
C) hydroxyland carboxylic acid b b b
D) hydroxyl and ester b b
E) hydroxyl and ketone b b
13. Themacromolecules that serve in thestorage and transmission ofgenetic information are:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids. b
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers. b
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers. b
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
b b b b b b b b b b
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3 b
b
,Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry (Answers
b b b b b b
are at the End of Each Chapter)
b b b b b b b
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
b b b b b b b b
A) cell envelope. b
B) cell membrane. b
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
b b b b b b b b b b b b
development of:
b b
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability. b
C) plasma membranes. b
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus. b
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) cell membrane. b
B) nuclear envelope. b
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
such as oxygen. Except forhighly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and diameters in
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the range of:
b b b
A) 0.1 m to 10 m. b b b b
B) 0.3 m to 30 m. b b b b
C) 0.3 m to 100 m. b b b b
D) 1 m to 100 m. b b b b
E) 1 m to 300 m. b b b b
5. Which group ofsingle-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
b b b b b b b b b b
extreme environments?
b b
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct. b b b b b
Page 1 b
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
b b b b b b b b b b b b
therefore a:
b b
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
b b b b b
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum b b b
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane b b b
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes b b
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes b b b
E) All ofthe answers are correct.
b b b b b
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
b b b b b b b
B) amino acid <protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
b b b b b b b
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
b b b b b b b
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
b b b b b b b
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
b b b b b b b
9. Thethree-dimensional structureofmacromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
b b b b b b b b b
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
b b b b b b b b b b b b
noncovalent interaction?
b b
A) carbon-carbon bonds b
B) hydrogen bonds b
C) hydrophobic interactions b
D) ionic interactions b
E) van der Waals interactions
b b b
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2 b
, 11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4)are arranged around carbon to give which
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
geometry?
b
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal b
D) trigonal planar b
E) trigonal pyramidal b
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
b b b b b b b
A) ether and aldehyde
b b
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde b b
C) hydroxyland carboxylic acid b b b
D) hydroxyl and ester b b
E) hydroxyl and ketone b b
13. Themacromolecules that serve in thestorage and transmission ofgenetic information are:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids. b
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
b b b b b b b b b b b
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers. b
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers. b
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
b b b b b b b b b b
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3 b
