Doclaura

classical conditioning - ANS a learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned response neutral stimulus - ANS a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response unconditioned stimulus - ANS an event that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training unconditioned response - ANS an organism's automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus condi...

every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. - ANS classical conditioning CS: toilet flushing CR: jumping back due to sound of toilet UCS: hot water UCR: jumping back due to the hot water your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so ...

Learning - ANS a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience or practice John Locke - ANS Proposed the tabula rasa—> blank state- everything an individual becomes is the result of experience Environmental Determinism - ANS our environment shapes every aspect of who were, are, and will become John Watson - ANS founder of behaviorism; thought psych should be the science of observable behavior; conducted the famous and controversia...

Behaviorism - ANS an approach to studying psychology that involves studying the observable cause-and-effect relationships between conditions and behavior. Radical Behaviorism - ANS a form of behaviorism that looks at only the observable to study the processes of the mind. Introduced by BF Skinner John B Watson - ANS behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught ...

preoperational - ANS the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from ages 2-7; during this stage, children are capable of using symbols in their thinking, but they lack the ability to perform logical operations primary reinforcer - ANS a reinforcer that meets a basic biological need generalization - ANS a transfer of a response learned from one stimulus to a similar stimulus continuous reinforcement schedule - ANS a schedul...

preoperational - ANS the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, occurring from ages 2-7; during this stage, children are capable of using symbols in their thinking, but they lack the ability to perform logical operations primary reinforcer - ANS a reinforcer that meets a basic biological need generalization - ANS a transfer of a response learned from one stimulus to a similar stimulus continuous reinforcement schedule - ANS a schedul...

BF Skinner - ANS pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats. Ivan Pavlov - ANS Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs () Operant conditioning - ANS Action leads to reward which makes subject want to do it again Shaping...

Classical conditioning* UCS- Hot shower UCR- Jump CS- Toilet Flush CR- Jump before the flush - ANS Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. *Operant Conditioning* Positive reinforcement - ANS Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in colleg...

What was originally thought to be the difference between classical and operant conditioning? A. Classical conditioning focused more on organisms emitting involuntary responses, whereas operant conditioning focused more on organisms emitting voluntary responses. B. Classical conditioning focused more on organisms emitting the same response over a period of time, whereas operant conditioning focused more on organisms emitting a different response over a period of time. C. Classical condition...

A 68-year-old patient has been in the intensive care unit for 4 days and has a nursing diagnosis of disturbed sensory perception related to sleep deprivation. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care? - ANS Cluster nursing activities so that the patient has uninterrupted rest periods. Which hemodynamic parameter is most appropriate for the nurse to monitor to determine the effectiveness of medications given to a patient to reduce left ventricular afterload? - ANS ...

The most common cause of atelectasis is ______.ANS - Obstruction of the airways Atelectasis is caused by:ANS - Mucus, foreign bodies, bronchial tumors, and oxygen toxicity List three primary goals of chest physiotherapy.ANS - Remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles The eighth leading cause of death in the United States and the most common infectious cause of death is _______.ANS - Pneumonia List the ...

Beta Blockers - ANS Initial measures for the treatment of angina pectoris do not include which response below? ST segment elevation - ANS The classical ECG change with muscle injury in acute myocardial infarction is: CHF - ANS Elevated cardiac iso-enzymes generally do not occur in which response below? Increased CO - ANS The major therapeutic goal in the treatment of cariogenic shock is to: Reduces preload and after load and improves contractility - AN...

A client with a spinal cord injury is prone to experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. The nurse should include which measures in the plan of care to minimize the risk of occurrence? Select all that apply. 1. Keeping the linens wrinkle-free under the client 2. Preventing unnecessary pressure on the lower limbs 3. Limiting bladder catheterization to once every 12 hours 4. Turning and repositioning the client at least every 2 hours 5. Ensuring that the client has a bowel movement at least once...

1. A patient who has been in the intensive care unit for 4 days has disturbed sensory perception from sleep deprivation. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care? a. Administer prescribed sedatives or opioids at bedtime to promote sleep. b. Cluster nursing activities so that the patient has uninterrupted rest periods. c. Silence the alarms on the cardiac monitors to allow 30- to 40-minute naps. d. Eliminate assessments between 2200 and 0600 to allow uninterrupted sleep. - A...

A client with a productive cough has obtained a sputum specimen for culture as instructed. What is the best initial nursing action? A. Administer the first dose of antibiotic therapy B. Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum C. Encourage the client to consume plenty of warm liquids D. Send the specimen to the lab fo - ANS B. Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resusci...

A nurse in the emergency department is preparing to administer naloxone 0.4mg IV bolus to a client who has opiod-induced respiratory depression. Available is naloxone injection 0.2mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? - ANS 2mL After a change-of-shift report on a progressive care unit, who should the nurse see first? - ANS Patient with suspected with urosepsis who has new orders for urine and blood cultures and antibiotics A nurse is caring for a patientw...

A nurse is following the goals of Healthy People 2030 to provide care. Which action should the nurse take? a) Allowing people to continue current behaviors to reduce the stress of change. b) Focusing only on health changes that will lead to better local communities. c) Focusing on illness treatment to provide fast recuperation. d) Promoting a society in which all people live long, healthy lives (Correct) - ANS Healthy People sets objectives to help the United States increase its fo...

A client is reporting chest pain. What statement made by the client helps the nurse to understand the client has a naturalistic belief in the cause of illness? A. "My life is really out of balance." B. "I knew I should have changed my diet." C. "I should have gone to church last week." D. "I forgot to take my medicines last night." - ANS A. "My life is really out of balance." A nurse is working in a healthcare facility that serves a diverse populati...

The nurse is assessing a postoperative patient for signs of hemorrhage. Which adaptation is most indicative of shock? 1. Hyperemia 2. Hypotension 3. Irregular pulse 4. Slow respirations - ANS 2. Hypotension 1. During the compensatory stage of shock, blood is shunted away from, not toward, the periphery. Hyperemia is an increase in blood fl ow to an area where the overlying skin becomes reddened and warm. 2. The circulating blood volume is reduced by 25% to 35% during the co...

A nurse is caring for a client who states "I have to check with my wife and see if she thinks I am ready to go home" The nurse replies, "How do you feel about going home today?" Which clarifying technique is the nurse using to enhance communication with the client? A. pacing B. reflecting C. paraphrasing D. restating - ANS B which of the following actions should the nurse take when using the communication technique of active listening (select all that apply) A. o...