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AQA A Level Biology - Topic 6 - Survival And Response What is a stimulus? A change in the environment of an organism What is a tactic response? What is a kinetic response? Directional movement in response to a stimulus Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towards stimulus Negative taxis - organism moves away from stimulus What Are receptors? different types What are effec...

AS level Physics - AQA A Graded A+ Acceleration Accurate result Apha decay The rate of change of velocity A result that is close to the true answer A type of decay in which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle Alternating current Ammeter A current that changes with time in a regular cycle A component used to measure the current flowing through a circuit Amplitude The maximum displacement of a wave Angle of incidence Angle of refraction Anni...

AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY ALL ANSWERS CORRECT what is RNA? MRNA and TRNA single stranded shorter AU CG ribonucleic acid what are biological molecules? DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions molecules made and used by living organisms eg. lipids, carbs, what are the functions of carbohydrates? -energy store (starch and glycogen) -structure (cellulose) ATP structure? 1 adenosine 3 phosphates ADP and energy= ATP condensation reaction using ATP synthase carries energy in bo...

AQA A Level Chemistry 3.1.12 - Acids and Bases Graded A+ Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base Proton donor Proton acceptor pH Measure of acidity by measuring concentration of H⁺ ions. Low pH means Acidity High pH means Alkalinity Calculating pH Calculating [H⁺] [H⁺] = 10 pH = -log [H⁺] -pH What does an acid/base reaction involve? Strong acid Fully dissociates in water. Transfer of the H⁺ from the acid to the base. Weak acid Only very slightly dissocia...

AQA A Level Biology – Respiration Rated A+ What is the purpose of respiration ? To produce ATP To release energy from glucose What is the general equation for aerobic respiration ? What do plants need energy for ? (name 5) 6O2 + C6H1206 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy 1. Photosynthesis 2. Active transport of minerals via roots 3. DNA replication, 4. Cell division, 5. Protein synthesis What do animals need energy for ? (name 6) 2. Maintaining a constant body tempe...

AQA A-Level Biology (new spec) Unit 1A - Biological Molecules Monomers Small basic molecular units Examples of monomers Polymers monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together Examples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose How many types of glucose are there? 2 What are the names of the types of glucose? Structure of Alpha Gluc...

AQA A-Level Biology. 3.2 – Cells All Answers Correct Structure of Nucleus. 1. Nuclear envelope: double membrane surrounding nucleus, outer membrane continuous with the (R)ER of the cell. 2. Nuclear pores: allow the passage of larger molecules, such as mRNA, out of the nucleus. 3. Nucleoplasm: granular, jelly-like material making up the bulk of the nucleus. 4. Chromosomes: protein-bound, linear DNA. 5. Nucleolus: small spherical region(s) in nucleoplasm. Manufactures ribosomal RN...

AQA A Level Biology Topic 8 Graded A+ What is a mutation? A change in the DNA sequence What are the 6 types of mutation? (Things that happen with bases) Deletion Addition Duplication Inversion Translocation What is a hereditary mutation? Substitution When a gameate containing a mutation for a type of cancer or genetic disorder is fertilised then it will be present in new foetus What happens during frameshift mutations? Additions, duplications or deletions wit...

AQA A-Level Biology Topic 1: Biological Molecules Already Graded A+ What are monomers? molecules. What are polymers? Monomers are *small units* which are the components of larger Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. What are examples of monomers? What are examples of polymers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and *polynucleotides* What reaction allows two monomers to bond together? A *condensa...

AQA A-Level Biology - Gas Exchange Questions All Answers Correct Describe changes to the diaphragm upon inspiration. (2) - And flattens - Diaphragm contracts Explain how the diaphragm causes air to move into the lungs. (3) f lattens - Increases the volume of the thorax - Air moves down a pressure gradient and into the lungs Describe how oxygen in the alveoli enters the blood capillaries. (2) the epithelium of the alveoli - and through the endothelium of the blood capillaries...

AQA A Level Biology Unit 1 Graded A+ How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? use the same amino acids and DNA. What are monomers of carbohydrates called? They all have similar molecules and Monosaccharides. Beta Glucose Alpha glucose Glucose formula C₆H₁₂O₆ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? What is sucrose made from? Glycosidic bond. Glucose and fructose. What is lactose made from? What is maltose made from? Testing f...

AQA AS Level Biology Rated A+ What are the three ways a pathogen can damage hosts cells? nutrients inside them 1) rupturing them to release 2) breaking down nutrients inside the cell for their own use. This starves and eventually kills the cell. 3) replicating inside the cells and bursting them when they're released What are the two ways pathogens cause disease? 2) cell damage 1) production of toxins What are the lifestyle factors that can affect your chances of getting canc...

AQA A-level Biology - Topic 4 Already Rated A+ Define variation Differences that exist between individuals In what ways can variation be caused? mutations. It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles from It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors Why is it impossible to study a whole population? Because it is too large and would take too long. Instead, scient...

AQA A Level Psychology Social Influence Already Graded A+ State the definition of conformity An individual is said to be conforming if they choose a course of action that is favoured by the majority of the group members. State and explain the three types of conformity Compliance - Individuals follow what the group is doing in order to be accepted or to fit in, even if there personal views may differ to the one they are portraying. This will not chance their underlying attitude to...

AQA A LEVEL Chemistry All Answers Correct 2024 Relative atomic mass of an atom of Carbon-12 Relative molecular mass carbon-12 atom The Avogradro constant ideal gas equation The average mass of an atom of an element, relative to 1/12th of the mass Average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12th of the mass of a the number of particles in a mole pV = nRT empirical formula the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound percentage atom econom...

AQA Biology A-Level Paper 2 Already Rated A+ describe and explain the steps in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis 1. photoionisation: light reaches chlorophyll in PSII, which is absorbed by an electron, which becomes excited and moves to a higher energy level. 2. the electron passes to a carrier protein in the thylakoid membrane, and is passed down a series of carrier molecules called an electron transfer chain. 3. as the electron moves down, energy is lost from the el...

AQA A level Biology Revision All Answers Correct Describe how you would use a biochemical test to show that a solution contained a non-reducing sugar, such as sucrose. [3] ,first reducing sugars test; boil with dilute HCl acid then Neutralise with NaHCǑ, add benedict and heat to 95 degrees C brick red ppt forms if reducing sugar is present Describe a chemical test you could carry out to show that a piece of coconut contains lipids. [3] (Crush in) ethanol / alcohol; Add (to) water ...

AQA A-level Biology Paper 1 Rated A large molecules often contain carbon. why? they can readily form bonds with other carbon atoms. this forms a 'backbone'. other atoms can then attach. describe benedicts test for reducing sugars reagent. add equal volumes of the sugar sample and benedicts heat the mixture in a water bath for 5 minutes. brick red precipitate will form. what is a reducing sugar? a sugar that can reduce (give electrons to) another chemical. describe the ...

AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY ALL ANSWERS CORRECT the krebs cycle takes place in the _______ of the ___________ epistasis matrix mitochondria arises when the allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another in the phenotype autosome biodiversity biomass of time a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome the range and variety of genes, species and habitats within a particular region the total mass of living material, normally measured in a specific area over a ...

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