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Angioedema - A puffiness of face, lips, and neck due to swelling underneath the skin; common in allergic reactions Aura - the state of mind just before the onset of a seizure; strange feeling, some may experience visions Describe when someone can refuse care - 18+, Can make informed decisions, not under the influence, understand the risks associated with refusing care, sign a release form Diabetes type-I - Juvenile diabetes requires daily insulin injection Diabetes type-II - Adult onset d...

action - desired effect of drug activated charcol - ground into a very fine powder to provide the greatest possible surface area for binding adsorption - to bind to or stuck to a surface, while absorption is the process by which meds travel through body tissues until they reach the blood stream agonists - cause stimulation of receptors anatgonsits (blockers) - medcines that bind to receptor and block other medication or chemicals from attaching to it. contraindication - a disease or cond...

AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) - A rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge. Abandonment - Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training Abdomen - The body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis. Abdomin...

ecchymosis - escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin epistaxis - nosebleed - can be "digital trauma" hematemesis - vomiting blood hemoptysis - coughing blood hyphema - bleeding of the eye hypovolemia - low blood volume Intramuscular - "IM" - through the muscle intraosseous - "IO" - into the bone Intravenous - "IV" - into the vein melena - black tarry stool Subcutaneous - "SC" - below the skin...

A female patient presents with severe acute abdominal pain. What should you suspect? - Ectopic pregnancy A patient has blood/vomit in their mouth/aiway. What is the next best step - Suction An old lady is having a hard time breathing. Her respiratory rate is 24, her SPO2 level is 92%. What device would you use to deliver high flow oxygen? - A nasal cannula angina - chest pain As soon as anaphylaxis is suspected you should administer - Epinephrine COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas...

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A 3mo old Holstein heifer was in a dystocia and ended up fracturing her femur. What method of fixation was elected for this calf? - Stacking pins (IM pins) with cerclage wire! - recall pins can be placed normo or retrograde fashion, avoid the joints - can be combined with cerclage wire (as seen) or Type 1 ESF Capital physeal fractures in calves can also be considered what type of fracture? - Salter Harris 1 fractures! How can we diagnose femoral head physeal fractures? - - Palpation of hip...

Before surgical correction of a teat laceration, what are important things to classify or consider? - - Duration (< 24hrs or longer, success rates BEST if done ASAP) - Localization (distal?, streak canal and rosetter = WORST prognosis!) - Shape/Configuration = transverse or complete laceration, longitudinal laceration = better prognosis - Thickness - partial thickness = not involving teat cistern = better Px, full thickness or complete = worse How are the udder quarters named? - Q1 = lef...

How can bog spavin be treated? - Removal of excess synovial fluid, injectable corticosteriods/progesterone/atropine, apply pressure bandage. How can curb be treated? - NSAIDS, DMSO, mild irritants (sweats), firing and blistering; Move horse to new stall or put another animal in stall with horse to distract from kicking How is a tarso-metatarsal joint block performed? - Needle just proximal to the head of MT4 just lateral to the SDFT and direct needle towards the contralateral front fetlock ...

A 4yo TB gelding presents for a 1 foot laceration on its flank after getting trapped in barbed wire. What is the FIRST thing you should consider doing before assessing the wound? - Perform a full PE! Sometimes its easy to forget when there is a huge wound staring at you. After assessing the equid with wounds, what is an important history to obtain? - Tetanus vaccine status! - If status unknown = booster w/ toxoid - If unvaccinated = toxoid vaccine + tetanus antitoxin! Describe delayed pri...

How do we fix a comminuted P - Transfixation pin cast - External fixator - Fetlock arthrodesis - Salvage only How do we perform arthrodesis of the P2 bone in cases of fracture? - - one PIP plate and one regular locking comp. plate - place plates on P2 first, then align P1 and P2 - insert scrrws in P1 - close extensor tendon, SQ and skin, - cast for 6 weeks How do we provide emergency management of P3 fractures? - DONT NEED TO- hoof capsule acts as splint - provide pain relief How do...

A 3yo Holstein-Fresian dairy cow presents for tachypnea and distress. On PE, you notice delayed jugular refills, brisket edema, and muffled heart sounds. Per farmer, she has a history of metal ingestion, and has a magnet in her rumen. What is your highest suspicion, and what is the appropriate treatment if you are correct? - Traumatic reticulopericarditis - Euthanasia is recommended. - If valuable animal, lateral thoracotomy, and pericardiostomy = standing > lateral recumb., local anest...

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A 93 year old patient, who is alert and oriented, signs a DNR and explains to her family this is her wish. To pass peacefully when the time comes and they agree. This is an example of? A. Ethical dilemma B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Advocacy - B A child has had hiccups for 2 hours. This is a sign of suspected ingestion of poison. A. True B. False - B A client living with AIDS develops oral hairy leukoplakia, an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. The leukoplakia is considered a A...

_______ drugs are those that are used to change brain function and result in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness. - Psychotropic Psychotropic is affecting the mind of mental processes. Antipsychotic is preventing or counteracting psychosis. _______ management involves the use of an individual who coordinates and manages all of the care required by a client. - Case management Besides assertive communication, what are three other types of communication/responses? - - aggressiv...

** What are fiduciary relationships - put family and the client in a situation that they are trusting us so we need to do what is in their best interest abortion - Rv. Morgentaler (1988) unregulated by the law in canada lack of access in canada Action stage - modifies behaviour and experiences in order to make a sustainable change advance directives and health care surrogates - Advance directive: a mechanism enabling a mentally competent person to plan for a time when mental capacity is l...

· 20th century: - o From single agents to combinations of factors that contribute to disease o Shift from mortality due to infectious diseases to chronic diseases o Newer genetic and molecular techniques increase our ability to determine exposures and genetic risks · 3 main sources of data: - o Routinely collected: Census data Vital records Surveillance data o Data collected for other purposes but useful for epidemiological research: Medical, health department, and insurance records o...

A client comes to day treatment intoxicated but says they are not. The nurse indentifies that the client is exhibiting symptoms of A. Denial B. Reaction formation C. Projection D. Transference - A A client who developed numbness in the right hand could not play the piano at a scheduled recital. The consequence of the symptom, not having to perform, is best described as A. Emotion-focused coping B. Phobia C. Primary gain D. Secondary gain - C A client with anxiety is beginning treatme...

2-5 Years Vital Signs - - HR of 95-140/min - SBP of 80-120mmHg - RR of 20-30 5-12 Years Vital Signs - - HR of 80-120/min - SBP of 90-110mmHg - RR of 15-20/min A-H Assessment - - Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Disability - Exposure - Fluids/Further Information/Full Set of Vitals - Glucose/Give Comfort - Head to Toe Acute Pain - productive and occurs immediately after tissue damage Adaptive (specific) immunity - immunity from T and B cells developed in response to infection/inv...

1 centimeter (cm) - 10 millimeters (mm) 1 cubic centimeter (cc) - 1 milliliter (mL) 1 cup (c) - 8 ounces (oz) 1 cup (c) - 8 ounces (oz) 1 gallon (gal) - 4 quarts (qt) 1 grain (gr) - 60 milligrams (mg) 1 gram (g) - 1,000 milligrams (mg) or 1,000,000 micrograms (mcg) 1 inch (in) - 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 kilogram (kg) - 2.2 pounds (lb) or 1000 grams (g) 1 Liter (L) - 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 milligram (mg) - 1,000 micrograms (mcg) 1 milliliter (mL) - 15 drops (gtt) 1 ounce (oz) - 2 tabl...