Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology EXAM 2 Test And 100% Correct Detailed Answers

1. What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children? a. Down syndrome b. Wilms tumor c. Retinoblastoma d. Neuroblastoma ANS: A Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is the most common genetic defect linked to the development of acute leukemia. Children with Down syndrome have a 10- to 20-fold increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic and myelogenous leukemia and a higher risk for developing acute megakaryocytic leukemia. No current research supports a link ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In teaching a women’s community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? a. Women older than 45 years of age b. Women who have never had children c. Women who have a high body mass index d. Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years ANS: C A recent hypothesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidne...

Chapter 11 STRESS AND DISEASE TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH EDITION

1. Which cancer originates from connective tissue? a. Osteogenic sarcoma b. Basal cell carcinoma c. Multiple myeloma d. Adenocarcinoma ANS: A Cancers arising from connective tissue usually have the suffix -sarcoma. Carcinomas arise in epithelial tissue. Myeloma arises in the bone marrow. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 2. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? a. Blood vessels b. Epithelial cells c. Connectiv...

1. What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide? a. Starvation b. Traumatic injury c. Cardiovascular disease d. Infectious disease ANS: D Despite the wide-scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The other options are not as significant. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 2. What is the first stage in the infectious process? a. Invas...

1. How is hypersensitivity best defined? a. A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens b. An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease d. An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens ANS: C Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tole...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? a. The immune response is similar each time it is activated. b. The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. c. The response to a specific pathogen is short term. d. The response is innate, rather than acquired. ANS: B Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford l...

1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury ANS: C If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and systemic response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged ti...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins? a. Epigenetic modifications b. Genomic imprinting c. Transgenerational inheritance d. Methylation ANS: A Epigenetic modifications can cause individuals with the same deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences (such as identical twins) to have different disease profiles. Imprinting means that either the copy of a gene inherited through the sperm or th...

1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? a. Incidence b. Prevalence c. Ratio d. Risk ANS: B Prevalence rate is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at a specific point in time. Thus both the incidence rate and the length of the survival period in affected individuals determine prevalence. The incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific set of an individual’s somatic cells? a. Virus b. Bacteria c. RNA polymerase d. Recombinant DNA ANS: A In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into the individual’s cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or adenoviruses, which have been genetically modified so that they conta...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water? a. High body surface-to-body size ratio b. Slow metabolic rate c. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses d. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty ANS: C Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation are often not mature enough to counter the losses; consequently, dehydration may rapidly develop. Infants can be susceptible to...