WGU C845 Information Systems Security - Chapter 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Latest Update 2025/2026
Confidentiality - Answers Limits are placed on who is allowed to view the information, including
copying it to another form.
Integrity - Answers The information stays complete and correct when retrieved, displayed, or
acted upon.
Availability - Answers The information is presented to the user in a timely manner when required
and in a form and format that meets the user's needs.
Authenticity - Answers Only previously approved, known, and trusted users or processes have
been able to create, modify, move, or copy the information.
Utility - Answers The content of the information, its form and content, and its presentation or
delivery to the user meet the user's needs.
Possesion or Control - Answers The information is legally owned or held by a known, authorized
user, such that the user has authority to exert control over its use, access, modification, or
movement.
Safety - Answers The system and its information, by design, do not cause unauthorized hard or
damage to others, their property, or their lives.
Privacy - Answers Information that attests to or relates to the identity of a person, or links
specific activities to that identity, but must me protected from being accessed, viewed, copied,
modified, or otherwise used by unauthorized persons or systems.
Nonrepudiation - Answers Users who created, used, viewed, or accessed the information, or
shared it with others, cannot later deny that they did so.
Transparency - Answers The information can be reviewed, audited, and made visible or shared
with competent authorities for regulatory, legal, or other processes that serve the public good.
CIA Triad - Answers Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
CIANA - Answers Combines Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Nonrepudiation, and
Authentication.
CIANA+PS - Answers Expands CIANA to include Privacy and Safety.
Parkerian Hexad - Answers Includes confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, utility, and
possession or control.
Intellectual Property - Answers The ideas that we create and express in tangible, explicit form; in
creating them, we create an ownership interest.
, Patent - Answers Public Disclosure - Mandatory, Detailed. Monetized By - License to use.
Compromise by - failure to develop or monetize; failure to defend against infringement.
Copyright - Answers Public Disclosure - Published Works. Monetize by - Sell copies.
Compromise by - failure to defend.
Trademark - Answers Public Disclosure - Logos, Signs, Product Stampings. Monetize by - Create
brand awareness in marketplace. Compromise by - failure to defend.
Trade Secret - Answers Public Disclosure - Must me undisclosed. Monetize by - Sell products
and services based on its use; can be licensed. Compromise by - failure to keep secret or
defend.
The Security Triad - Answers Confidentiality - Protects information and systems from
unauthorized use. Integrity - Protects information and systems from unauthorized modification.
Availability - ensures that information and systems for authorized users are available when
needed.
Hash Function - Answers Hashes the contents of the file and is used to easily show if the
contents have been modified. This helps protect the integrity of a file.
Digital Certificate - Answers Transmits public keys securely
Ways to protect Availability - Answers Include redundant components, high availability, fault
tolerance, and keeping OS and applications updated and patched
Steganography - Answers Hiding information within something else, such as an image
Ethics Code Canon 1 - Answers Protect society, the common good, necessary public trust and
confidence, and the infrastructure
Ethics Code Canon 2 - Answers Act honorably, honest, justly, responsibly, and legally
Ethics Code Canon 3 - Answers Serve principals diligently and competently
Ethics Code Canon 4 - Answers Advance the information security profession
Strong Identification and Authentication methods - Answers Help with Accountability
Personally Identifiable Information (PII) - Answers Any information that can be traced back to an
individual
Protected Health Information (PHI) - Answers Individually identifiable health records governed
under HIPPA
Generally Accepted Privacy Principals (GAPP) - Answers Outlines 10 components of data
privacy including Management, Notice, Choice and Consent, Collection, Use, Retention, and
Latest Update 2025/2026
Confidentiality - Answers Limits are placed on who is allowed to view the information, including
copying it to another form.
Integrity - Answers The information stays complete and correct when retrieved, displayed, or
acted upon.
Availability - Answers The information is presented to the user in a timely manner when required
and in a form and format that meets the user's needs.
Authenticity - Answers Only previously approved, known, and trusted users or processes have
been able to create, modify, move, or copy the information.
Utility - Answers The content of the information, its form and content, and its presentation or
delivery to the user meet the user's needs.
Possesion or Control - Answers The information is legally owned or held by a known, authorized
user, such that the user has authority to exert control over its use, access, modification, or
movement.
Safety - Answers The system and its information, by design, do not cause unauthorized hard or
damage to others, their property, or their lives.
Privacy - Answers Information that attests to or relates to the identity of a person, or links
specific activities to that identity, but must me protected from being accessed, viewed, copied,
modified, or otherwise used by unauthorized persons or systems.
Nonrepudiation - Answers Users who created, used, viewed, or accessed the information, or
shared it with others, cannot later deny that they did so.
Transparency - Answers The information can be reviewed, audited, and made visible or shared
with competent authorities for regulatory, legal, or other processes that serve the public good.
CIA Triad - Answers Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
CIANA - Answers Combines Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Nonrepudiation, and
Authentication.
CIANA+PS - Answers Expands CIANA to include Privacy and Safety.
Parkerian Hexad - Answers Includes confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, utility, and
possession or control.
Intellectual Property - Answers The ideas that we create and express in tangible, explicit form; in
creating them, we create an ownership interest.
, Patent - Answers Public Disclosure - Mandatory, Detailed. Monetized By - License to use.
Compromise by - failure to develop or monetize; failure to defend against infringement.
Copyright - Answers Public Disclosure - Published Works. Monetize by - Sell copies.
Compromise by - failure to defend.
Trademark - Answers Public Disclosure - Logos, Signs, Product Stampings. Monetize by - Create
brand awareness in marketplace. Compromise by - failure to defend.
Trade Secret - Answers Public Disclosure - Must me undisclosed. Monetize by - Sell products
and services based on its use; can be licensed. Compromise by - failure to keep secret or
defend.
The Security Triad - Answers Confidentiality - Protects information and systems from
unauthorized use. Integrity - Protects information and systems from unauthorized modification.
Availability - ensures that information and systems for authorized users are available when
needed.
Hash Function - Answers Hashes the contents of the file and is used to easily show if the
contents have been modified. This helps protect the integrity of a file.
Digital Certificate - Answers Transmits public keys securely
Ways to protect Availability - Answers Include redundant components, high availability, fault
tolerance, and keeping OS and applications updated and patched
Steganography - Answers Hiding information within something else, such as an image
Ethics Code Canon 1 - Answers Protect society, the common good, necessary public trust and
confidence, and the infrastructure
Ethics Code Canon 2 - Answers Act honorably, honest, justly, responsibly, and legally
Ethics Code Canon 3 - Answers Serve principals diligently and competently
Ethics Code Canon 4 - Answers Advance the information security profession
Strong Identification and Authentication methods - Answers Help with Accountability
Personally Identifiable Information (PII) - Answers Any information that can be traced back to an
individual
Protected Health Information (PHI) - Answers Individually identifiable health records governed
under HIPPA
Generally Accepted Privacy Principals (GAPP) - Answers Outlines 10 components of data
privacy including Management, Notice, Choice and Consent, Collection, Use, Retention, and
