1|Page
BIOD 151 Final Exam 2025 From Portage
Learning Includes Accurate And Verified
Questions Covering Human Anatomy And
Physiology. Topics Include Body Systems Such
As Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive,
Nervous, Musculoskeletal, Urinary, And
Endocrine
What are the levels of organization in the body? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
What is superior v inferior? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
toward the head (above) v away from the head (below)
What is ventral v dorsal? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ front
(anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
toward the midline of the body v away from the midline
of the body
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What is proximal v distal? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ close
to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
What is deep v superficial? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
away from the body surface v toward the body surface
What is flexion v extension? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
movement away from midline v movement toward
midline
What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
What is elevation v depression? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
upward movement of a structure v downward movement
of a structure
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What is retraction v protraction? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
movement of a structure drawn backward v movement
of a structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing
forward and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal
parts)
What are frontal planes? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ divides
body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic
cavity
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What lies within the ventral body cavity? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity,
pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ membrane that
lines the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of
the organs
What is pleurisy? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ inflammation
of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L
lumbar, umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Because as the cell expands, the
amount of surface area relative to volume decreases.
The smaller cell is more active when its surface area,
relative to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
- .....ANSWER ...✔✔ smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is
not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain
BIOD 151 Final Exam 2025 From Portage
Learning Includes Accurate And Verified
Questions Covering Human Anatomy And
Physiology. Topics Include Body Systems Such
As Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive,
Nervous, Musculoskeletal, Urinary, And
Endocrine
What are the levels of organization in the body? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
What is superior v inferior? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
toward the head (above) v away from the head (below)
What is ventral v dorsal? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ front
(anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
toward the midline of the body v away from the midline
of the body
,2|Page
What is proximal v distal? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ close
to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
What is deep v superficial? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
away from the body surface v toward the body surface
What is flexion v extension? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
movement away from midline v movement toward
midline
What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
What is elevation v depression? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
upward movement of a structure v downward movement
of a structure
,3|Page
What is retraction v protraction? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
movement of a structure drawn backward v movement
of a structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing
forward and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal
parts)
What are frontal planes? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ divides
body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic
cavity
, 4|Page
What lies within the ventral body cavity? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity,
pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ membrane that
lines the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of
the organs
What is pleurisy? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ inflammation
of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L
lumbar, umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Because as the cell expands, the
amount of surface area relative to volume decreases.
The smaller cell is more active when its surface area,
relative to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
- .....ANSWER ...✔✔ smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is
not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain
