1
STT Exam 1 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Explanatory variable Answer: - The variable that is manipulated by
researchers
- The variable that is thought to cause a different in an outcome
Response Variable Answer: - The variable that is observed by
researchers
- The variable that 'answers' the research question
In the early 1950's there was limited evidence that a vaccine developed
by Jonas Salk was both safe and effective, based on small studies. A
large-scale trial was needed to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine.
What is the explanatory and response variable? Answer: Explanatory:
If you get the vaccine or not
Response Variable: Immune response to polio/do you get it or not
Treatment Group Answer: The group of subjects in a study that
receives a treatment
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, 2
Control Group Answer: A separate group of subjects in a study that
does not receive the treatment
Confounding Factors Answer: hidden variables that correlate in some
way with the independent or dependent variable and have some sort
of impact on the results; threat to internal validity - Consent EX
How to decrease confounding factors Answer: Randomizing the
assignment makes the treatment and control group approximately the
same with respect to all variables except for the explanatory variable
(treatment) and decreases the influence of confounding factors
Placebo Effect Answer: the phenomenon in which the expectations of
the participants in a study can influence their behavior
Double-Blind Study Answer: An experiment in which neither the
participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has
received the treatment or the placebo
What does a double-blind study alleviate? Answer: Possible bias in
diagnosis
© 2025 All rights reserved
STT Exam 1 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
Explanatory variable Answer: - The variable that is manipulated by
researchers
- The variable that is thought to cause a different in an outcome
Response Variable Answer: - The variable that is observed by
researchers
- The variable that 'answers' the research question
In the early 1950's there was limited evidence that a vaccine developed
by Jonas Salk was both safe and effective, based on small studies. A
large-scale trial was needed to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine.
What is the explanatory and response variable? Answer: Explanatory:
If you get the vaccine or not
Response Variable: Immune response to polio/do you get it or not
Treatment Group Answer: The group of subjects in a study that
receives a treatment
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2
Control Group Answer: A separate group of subjects in a study that
does not receive the treatment
Confounding Factors Answer: hidden variables that correlate in some
way with the independent or dependent variable and have some sort
of impact on the results; threat to internal validity - Consent EX
How to decrease confounding factors Answer: Randomizing the
assignment makes the treatment and control group approximately the
same with respect to all variables except for the explanatory variable
(treatment) and decreases the influence of confounding factors
Placebo Effect Answer: the phenomenon in which the expectations of
the participants in a study can influence their behavior
Double-Blind Study Answer: An experiment in which neither the
participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has
received the treatment or the placebo
What does a double-blind study alleviate? Answer: Possible bias in
diagnosis
© 2025 All rights reserved
