1
Horticulture Exam 2 Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
Why is propagation by seeds the major means of reproduction in
agriculture? Answer: Seedas are easy to use and are relatively
inexpensive
What are 4 classes of seed production that must occur prior to
commercial seed distribution? Answer: Breeder seed
Foundation seed
Registered seed
Certified seed
Breeder seeds Answer: selects for plant that has good ripening and
coloring, given to agriculture experiment stations to produce a
foundation seed
Foundation seed Answer: given to a certified grower to become a
registered seed
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,2
4 factors that should be considered for the production of seed
planting? Answer: Location
Harvesting and collecting of seeds
Cleaning seeds
Storing of seeds
How can you experimentally determine percentage seed germination?
Answer: 90 seeds germinate out of 100 seeds 90% germination rate
Describe direct seeding Answer: planting seeds directly into the soil
5 factors that determine success of direct seeding Answer: site
selection
seedbed preparation
planting date
planting depth and spacing
moisture
What is indirect seeding? Answer: planting seeds indoors and
transporting them outdoors later
© 2025 All rights reserved
,3
What are important factors that should be considered when selecting a
germination media? Answer: Proper drainage and aeration
Good nutrient and water-holding capacity
Favorable pH
Provides essential nutrients
Free of insects, weeds and disease organisms
What is damping off and what are 2 ways to control it? Answer: fungal
disease which causes stems to rot at the soil line
proper sanitation practices, avoid warm wet conditions, fungicides
that will work
What are the 5 major categories of seed dormancy? Answer: Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Morphological
Physiological
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, 4
Physical Dormancy Answer: Scarification-breaking the seed coat
(microorganisms, freezing and thawing, fire, goes through digestive
tract of animal)
Mechanical Dormancy Answer: water can get into the seed coat, but
seed coat is too hard for seedling to break out (crack the seed coat,
naturally freezing and thawing)
Chemical Dormancy Answer: when the seed coat has inhibitors (safety
mechanism)— surgically remove the seed coat or place in water and
shake
Morphological Dormancy Answer: undeveloped embryo can speed
the phase by using gibberellin (over come the undeveloped embryo)
Physiological Dormancy Answer: when the seeds are in deep
dormancy
Stratification-placing seeds in a moist medium at cooling temperatures
so germination can occur
Vernelizaiton- putting it in a cooler temperature is to induce flowering
What are 3 reasons to initiate germination prior to planting? Answer:
shorten the time to seedling emergence
© 2025 All rights reserved
Horticulture Exam 2 Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
Why is propagation by seeds the major means of reproduction in
agriculture? Answer: Seedas are easy to use and are relatively
inexpensive
What are 4 classes of seed production that must occur prior to
commercial seed distribution? Answer: Breeder seed
Foundation seed
Registered seed
Certified seed
Breeder seeds Answer: selects for plant that has good ripening and
coloring, given to agriculture experiment stations to produce a
foundation seed
Foundation seed Answer: given to a certified grower to become a
registered seed
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
4 factors that should be considered for the production of seed
planting? Answer: Location
Harvesting and collecting of seeds
Cleaning seeds
Storing of seeds
How can you experimentally determine percentage seed germination?
Answer: 90 seeds germinate out of 100 seeds 90% germination rate
Describe direct seeding Answer: planting seeds directly into the soil
5 factors that determine success of direct seeding Answer: site
selection
seedbed preparation
planting date
planting depth and spacing
moisture
What is indirect seeding? Answer: planting seeds indoors and
transporting them outdoors later
© 2025 All rights reserved
,3
What are important factors that should be considered when selecting a
germination media? Answer: Proper drainage and aeration
Good nutrient and water-holding capacity
Favorable pH
Provides essential nutrients
Free of insects, weeds and disease organisms
What is damping off and what are 2 ways to control it? Answer: fungal
disease which causes stems to rot at the soil line
proper sanitation practices, avoid warm wet conditions, fungicides
that will work
What are the 5 major categories of seed dormancy? Answer: Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Morphological
Physiological
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4
Physical Dormancy Answer: Scarification-breaking the seed coat
(microorganisms, freezing and thawing, fire, goes through digestive
tract of animal)
Mechanical Dormancy Answer: water can get into the seed coat, but
seed coat is too hard for seedling to break out (crack the seed coat,
naturally freezing and thawing)
Chemical Dormancy Answer: when the seed coat has inhibitors (safety
mechanism)— surgically remove the seed coat or place in water and
shake
Morphological Dormancy Answer: undeveloped embryo can speed
the phase by using gibberellin (over come the undeveloped embryo)
Physiological Dormancy Answer: when the seeds are in deep
dormancy
Stratification-placing seeds in a moist medium at cooling temperatures
so germination can occur
Vernelizaiton- putting it in a cooler temperature is to induce flowering
What are 3 reasons to initiate germination prior to planting? Answer:
shorten the time to seedling emergence
© 2025 All rights reserved
