1
PUP 424 Exam 1 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
Data Answer: Facts about objects obtained through observations, experiments
and measurements
What are the requirements for data to be factual? Answer: Bias effects
minimized, data consistency (no matter who collects the data), *low bias =>
low variability
What's the difference between data and information? Answer: -our
interpretation of data
-data is unorganized facts that needs to be processed & is useless until it's
organized.
-when data is processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context
so as to make it useful is when it becomes information.
-information informs decision makers, easy-to-understand summary
What are the steps for converting data to information? Answer:
Data(Primary/Secondary)
->data aggregation(Reduce data into categories/groupings)
->data analysis(Pattern within categories, relationship between categories)
->data presentation
->information
What is primary data and its common methods? Answer: -data collected by
oneself
-experiments, observations, surveys, interviews
, 2
What is secondary data and its common methods? Answer: -data collected by
someone other than the user
-censuses, online statistics, data collected through qualitative methodologies or
qualitative research
variable Answer: -something that can take more than one value
variables must show ______ to be useful Answer: variation
What is variable x? Answer: the public's opinion
conceptually defined variables Answer: -expressed in words to facilitate (make
easier to) understanding
-no empirical bias
-(i.e Socioeconomic status)
-in planning: (i.e. impacts of accessibility on transit use)
operationalized variables Answer: -determines how conceptually defined
variables are measured
-Crude/Simplistic use of words can lead to the loss of meaningful attributes.
-(i.e. How to measure accessibility on transit use? time, distance, cost, barriers)
_______ are measured by their _______, which are defined by their _______.
Answer: variables, indicators, values
What can lead measurements to error? Answer: Deciding which value to record
Qualitative Data Answer: -Descriptive information
-(i.e. she regularly travels by car)
Quantitative Data Answer: -Numeric information
-(i.e. she travels X miles/day)
PUP 424 Exam 1 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
Data Answer: Facts about objects obtained through observations, experiments
and measurements
What are the requirements for data to be factual? Answer: Bias effects
minimized, data consistency (no matter who collects the data), *low bias =>
low variability
What's the difference between data and information? Answer: -our
interpretation of data
-data is unorganized facts that needs to be processed & is useless until it's
organized.
-when data is processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context
so as to make it useful is when it becomes information.
-information informs decision makers, easy-to-understand summary
What are the steps for converting data to information? Answer:
Data(Primary/Secondary)
->data aggregation(Reduce data into categories/groupings)
->data analysis(Pattern within categories, relationship between categories)
->data presentation
->information
What is primary data and its common methods? Answer: -data collected by
oneself
-experiments, observations, surveys, interviews
, 2
What is secondary data and its common methods? Answer: -data collected by
someone other than the user
-censuses, online statistics, data collected through qualitative methodologies or
qualitative research
variable Answer: -something that can take more than one value
variables must show ______ to be useful Answer: variation
What is variable x? Answer: the public's opinion
conceptually defined variables Answer: -expressed in words to facilitate (make
easier to) understanding
-no empirical bias
-(i.e Socioeconomic status)
-in planning: (i.e. impacts of accessibility on transit use)
operationalized variables Answer: -determines how conceptually defined
variables are measured
-Crude/Simplistic use of words can lead to the loss of meaningful attributes.
-(i.e. How to measure accessibility on transit use? time, distance, cost, barriers)
_______ are measured by their _______, which are defined by their _______.
Answer: variables, indicators, values
What can lead measurements to error? Answer: Deciding which value to record
Qualitative Data Answer: -Descriptive information
-(i.e. she regularly travels by car)
Quantitative Data Answer: -Numeric information
-(i.e. she travels X miles/day)
