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Kines 165 Exam 3 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
Acute Response Answer: Changes (in muscle or other cells, tissues, or systems)
that occur during or immediately during or immediately after a single bout of
exercise.
Adaptation Answer: How the body adjusts to repeated stimuli (eg physical
training)
Response and Adaptation to training is: Answer: Highly variable
Genetically limited
Inversely related to trained state
Training can significantly change Answer: muscle biochemistry.
Type IIx Number of Mitochondria Answer: Low
Type IIx Resistance to Fatigue Answer: Low
Type IIx Predominant energy system Answer: Anaerobic
Type IIx ATPase Answer: Highest
Type IIx Vmax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Highest
Type IIx Efficiency Answer: Low
Type IIx Specific tension Answer: High
Type IIa Number of Mitochondria Answer: High/mod
Type IIa Resistance to fatigue Answer: High/mod
Type IIa Predominant energy system Answer: Combination
Type IIa ATPase Answer: High
,2
Type IIa Vmax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Intermediate
Type IIa Efficiency Answer: Moderate
Type IIa Specific Tension Answer: High
Type I Number of Mitochondria Answer: High
Type I Resistance to Fatigue Answer: High
Type I Predominant energy system Answer: Aerobic
Type I ATPase Answer: Low
Type I VMax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Low
Type I Efficiency Answer: High
Type I Specific Tension Answer: Moderate
Conversion of IIx towards IIa implies Answer: a change toward more oxidative
properties.
Muscle fiber type composition influencing factors Answer: biomechanical,
physiologic, biochemical, neurologic, psychological.
During the onset of training, Answer: functional improvements exceed
structural changes
Neural Adaptations (Muscular Adaptations) Answer: Increased ability to
recruit motor units (MUs)
Increased synchronization of MU firing
Lowering of central inhibitory reflexes
Desensitization of GTO
Heightened recruitment learned during training may overwhelm GTO
, 3
Expressed during short-term training and/or the early stages of long term
programs.
Muscular Adaptations (Muscular Adaptations) Answer: Increase in contractile
protein (increased number and size of myofibrils)
Increase in enzymatic protein and stored nutrients
Selective hypertrophy --> FT vs ST (Powerlifters vs bodybuilders)
Decrease in capillary and mitochondrial density (proportional to degree of
hypertrophy)
Hyperplasia Answer: Replication of fibers
Cross-sectional literature support (bodybuilders) [Muscular Endurance]
Answer: Greater innervation ratios (ratio of axon to supplied muscle fibers)
Increase in muscle mass but no above-normal size muscle fibers.
Longitudinal literature support (bodybuilders) [Muscular Endurance] Answer:
Disproportionate increase in muscle mass compared to increase in fiber cross-
sectional area
Regardless of mechanism of growth, Answer: the extent of force generation per
fiber cross-sectional area remain unchanged
(training doesn't alter muscle quality)
Effects on Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on VO2 Answer: No
compromise on the ability to improve VO2max (untrained individuals)
Similar results from physically active and trained subjects.
Kines 165 Exam 3 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
Acute Response Answer: Changes (in muscle or other cells, tissues, or systems)
that occur during or immediately during or immediately after a single bout of
exercise.
Adaptation Answer: How the body adjusts to repeated stimuli (eg physical
training)
Response and Adaptation to training is: Answer: Highly variable
Genetically limited
Inversely related to trained state
Training can significantly change Answer: muscle biochemistry.
Type IIx Number of Mitochondria Answer: Low
Type IIx Resistance to Fatigue Answer: Low
Type IIx Predominant energy system Answer: Anaerobic
Type IIx ATPase Answer: Highest
Type IIx Vmax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Highest
Type IIx Efficiency Answer: Low
Type IIx Specific tension Answer: High
Type IIa Number of Mitochondria Answer: High/mod
Type IIa Resistance to fatigue Answer: High/mod
Type IIa Predominant energy system Answer: Combination
Type IIa ATPase Answer: High
,2
Type IIa Vmax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Intermediate
Type IIa Efficiency Answer: Moderate
Type IIa Specific Tension Answer: High
Type I Number of Mitochondria Answer: High
Type I Resistance to Fatigue Answer: High
Type I Predominant energy system Answer: Aerobic
Type I ATPase Answer: Low
Type I VMax (Speed of shortening) Answer: Low
Type I Efficiency Answer: High
Type I Specific Tension Answer: Moderate
Conversion of IIx towards IIa implies Answer: a change toward more oxidative
properties.
Muscle fiber type composition influencing factors Answer: biomechanical,
physiologic, biochemical, neurologic, psychological.
During the onset of training, Answer: functional improvements exceed
structural changes
Neural Adaptations (Muscular Adaptations) Answer: Increased ability to
recruit motor units (MUs)
Increased synchronization of MU firing
Lowering of central inhibitory reflexes
Desensitization of GTO
Heightened recruitment learned during training may overwhelm GTO
, 3
Expressed during short-term training and/or the early stages of long term
programs.
Muscular Adaptations (Muscular Adaptations) Answer: Increase in contractile
protein (increased number and size of myofibrils)
Increase in enzymatic protein and stored nutrients
Selective hypertrophy --> FT vs ST (Powerlifters vs bodybuilders)
Decrease in capillary and mitochondrial density (proportional to degree of
hypertrophy)
Hyperplasia Answer: Replication of fibers
Cross-sectional literature support (bodybuilders) [Muscular Endurance]
Answer: Greater innervation ratios (ratio of axon to supplied muscle fibers)
Increase in muscle mass but no above-normal size muscle fibers.
Longitudinal literature support (bodybuilders) [Muscular Endurance] Answer:
Disproportionate increase in muscle mass compared to increase in fiber cross-
sectional area
Regardless of mechanism of growth, Answer: the extent of force generation per
fiber cross-sectional area remain unchanged
(training doesn't alter muscle quality)
Effects on Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on VO2 Answer: No
compromise on the ability to improve VO2max (untrained individuals)
Similar results from physically active and trained subjects.
