MICR 290 Lecture Quiz #1 2025/2026 Updated
Study Guide & Practice Questions | 100% Pass
Guarantee
Who were the fathers of microbiology and what did they do? - correct answer-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek (dutch): first to make/use simple microbes to discover bacteria
-Robert Koch: causative agents of disease and examined colonies of microorganisms
(Anthrax: first disease proven to be bacterial)
-Carolus Linnaeus: Created taxonomic system (grouping similar organisms together -->
eukaryotes and protozoa)
What are Koch's postulates? - correct answer1. microorganism must be found in
abundance in all organisms suffering from disease
2. microorganism must be isolated from diseased organism and grown in pure culture
3. cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into healthy organism
4. microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host
and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
Leeuwenhoek's micoorganisms grouped into Linnaeus' 6 categories: - correct answer-
Prokaryotes: bacteria, archaea, fungi
-Eukaryotes: protozoa, algae/plants, small multicellular animals
What does pathogenic mean? - correct answerCauses disease
Protozoa - correct answer-single-celled eukaryotes
-similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure
What does virus (bacteriophage) do? - correct answerInjects its DNA to make more
viruses
What did Aristotle propose? - correct answerSpontaneous generation: living things can
arise from nonliving matter
Pasteur's experiments with "swan necked" flasks - correct answer1. infusion is heated
(steam escapes from open end of flask)
, 2.infusion sits; no microbes appear
(air moves in and out of flask) - (months pass)
3. infusion remains sterile indefinitely
(dust from air settles in bend)
How can we prevent infection and disease? - correct answer-Semmelweis and hand
washing (disease puerperal fever)
-Lister's antiseptic technique
-Nightingale and nursing
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - correct answer-Prokaryotes: lack nucleus and membrane
bound organelles, small, simple structure, binary fission
-Eukaryotes: contain nucleus and membrane bound organelles, large, complex
structure, sexual/nonsexual reproduction
Two types of glycocalyces - correct answer1. Capsule: firmly attached to cell surface,
may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
2. Slime layer: loosely attached to cell surface, important function in biofilms
Flagellation in bacteria - correct answer-Atrichous
-Mono-trichous
-Amphitrichous
-Lophotrichous
-Peririchous
Function of flagella - correct answerRotation propels bacterium through environment
What is chemotaxis? - correct answerWhen bacteria move in response to stimuli
-Runs (chemo-attractant)
-Tumbles (chemo-repellant)
Pili - correct answer-Special type of fimbria
-Called conjugation pilus (sex pilus)
-Mediate transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)
Gram positive cell wall vs Gram negative cell wall - correct answer-Positive: contains
teichoic acid which contains 3 PO4 groups connected by CH2 + HCOR groups
-Negative: O side chain, core polysaccharide, Lipid A, Fatty acid
How do the 2 types of bacterial cell walls differ? - correct answer-Thickness of PG layer
(peptidoglycan)
Study Guide & Practice Questions | 100% Pass
Guarantee
Who were the fathers of microbiology and what did they do? - correct answer-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek (dutch): first to make/use simple microbes to discover bacteria
-Robert Koch: causative agents of disease and examined colonies of microorganisms
(Anthrax: first disease proven to be bacterial)
-Carolus Linnaeus: Created taxonomic system (grouping similar organisms together -->
eukaryotes and protozoa)
What are Koch's postulates? - correct answer1. microorganism must be found in
abundance in all organisms suffering from disease
2. microorganism must be isolated from diseased organism and grown in pure culture
3. cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into healthy organism
4. microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host
and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
Leeuwenhoek's micoorganisms grouped into Linnaeus' 6 categories: - correct answer-
Prokaryotes: bacteria, archaea, fungi
-Eukaryotes: protozoa, algae/plants, small multicellular animals
What does pathogenic mean? - correct answerCauses disease
Protozoa - correct answer-single-celled eukaryotes
-similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure
What does virus (bacteriophage) do? - correct answerInjects its DNA to make more
viruses
What did Aristotle propose? - correct answerSpontaneous generation: living things can
arise from nonliving matter
Pasteur's experiments with "swan necked" flasks - correct answer1. infusion is heated
(steam escapes from open end of flask)
, 2.infusion sits; no microbes appear
(air moves in and out of flask) - (months pass)
3. infusion remains sterile indefinitely
(dust from air settles in bend)
How can we prevent infection and disease? - correct answer-Semmelweis and hand
washing (disease puerperal fever)
-Lister's antiseptic technique
-Nightingale and nursing
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - correct answer-Prokaryotes: lack nucleus and membrane
bound organelles, small, simple structure, binary fission
-Eukaryotes: contain nucleus and membrane bound organelles, large, complex
structure, sexual/nonsexual reproduction
Two types of glycocalyces - correct answer1. Capsule: firmly attached to cell surface,
may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host
2. Slime layer: loosely attached to cell surface, important function in biofilms
Flagellation in bacteria - correct answer-Atrichous
-Mono-trichous
-Amphitrichous
-Lophotrichous
-Peririchous
Function of flagella - correct answerRotation propels bacterium through environment
What is chemotaxis? - correct answerWhen bacteria move in response to stimuli
-Runs (chemo-attractant)
-Tumbles (chemo-repellant)
Pili - correct answer-Special type of fimbria
-Called conjugation pilus (sex pilus)
-Mediate transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)
Gram positive cell wall vs Gram negative cell wall - correct answer-Positive: contains
teichoic acid which contains 3 PO4 groups connected by CH2 + HCOR groups
-Negative: O side chain, core polysaccharide, Lipid A, Fatty acid
How do the 2 types of bacterial cell walls differ? - correct answer-Thickness of PG layer
(peptidoglycan)
