Models and Theories (L for lecture page, B for book page)
, Model/theory Inventor + Explanation
Page
Classical Conditioning Pavlov, 2L Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the
capacity to evoke a reflective response that was
originally evoked by a different stimulus.
Two factor Model Mowrer, 2L Classical and operant conditioning in same learning
model. Things are learned by classical, and
avoidance behavior (operant) keeps problems
alive.
The fear structure/ Bio- Lang, 2L and Is an anxiety memory in which representations of
information model 8B stimuli, response and meanings are stored.
Pathological fear structure occurs when the
associations between stimuli, meaning and
response no longer represent reality and the fear
structure is activated in harmless things. Exposure
works by emotional processing, in which accurate
information in incorporated into the fear structure.
The emotional processing Foa and Kozak, States that for the fear to diminish, a person has to
theory 2L and 8B be confronted by the fear and new information
needs to beer introduced.
Cognitive Models 5L and 13B Problems in human behavior and emotion are the
consequences of biases, distortions or
inadequacies in the interpretation or evaluation of
the live events.
Rational Emotive Therapy Ellis, 5L Pathology is due to irrational beliefs. Focus on
several statements; should statements, awfulizing
statements and low frustration tolerance. Use of
ABC model in treatment. Also incorporates
acceptance, because in encourages unconditional
acceptance of self and other and emphasises that
not the person, but heir thoughts feelings and
behaviours should be judged.
ABC-model Ellis, 5L 6-step model used in RET.
Extended Cognitive Model Beck, 5L Based on ABC model, includes negative automatic
thoughts.
The cognitive model for Beck, 5L Core beliefs form in early childhood. They are
depression activated by a life event, then automatic thoughts
start. If new symptoms arise, more automatic
thoughts form, creating negative spiral.
Basic cognitive Model 5L A situation evokes different types of automatic
thoughts in different persons.
Mathematical model of Rescorla and Learning results form the discrepancy between
classical conditioning Wagner, 9B what is expected to happen and what actually
happens. This learning then modifies future
expectancies.
Exposure-based Wolpe, 9B With imaginary exposure and relaxation exposure
systematic desensitization and reduction of fear. Based on the theory of
reciprocal inhibition, which states that reducing
anxiety can only take place by pairing the
conditioned stimulus with behaviours that go
against the fear such as relaxation.
, Model/theory Inventor + Explanation
Page
Classical Conditioning Pavlov, 2L Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the
capacity to evoke a reflective response that was
originally evoked by a different stimulus.
Two factor Model Mowrer, 2L Classical and operant conditioning in same learning
model. Things are learned by classical, and
avoidance behavior (operant) keeps problems
alive.
The fear structure/ Bio- Lang, 2L and Is an anxiety memory in which representations of
information model 8B stimuli, response and meanings are stored.
Pathological fear structure occurs when the
associations between stimuli, meaning and
response no longer represent reality and the fear
structure is activated in harmless things. Exposure
works by emotional processing, in which accurate
information in incorporated into the fear structure.
The emotional processing Foa and Kozak, States that for the fear to diminish, a person has to
theory 2L and 8B be confronted by the fear and new information
needs to beer introduced.
Cognitive Models 5L and 13B Problems in human behavior and emotion are the
consequences of biases, distortions or
inadequacies in the interpretation or evaluation of
the live events.
Rational Emotive Therapy Ellis, 5L Pathology is due to irrational beliefs. Focus on
several statements; should statements, awfulizing
statements and low frustration tolerance. Use of
ABC model in treatment. Also incorporates
acceptance, because in encourages unconditional
acceptance of self and other and emphasises that
not the person, but heir thoughts feelings and
behaviours should be judged.
ABC-model Ellis, 5L 6-step model used in RET.
Extended Cognitive Model Beck, 5L Based on ABC model, includes negative automatic
thoughts.
The cognitive model for Beck, 5L Core beliefs form in early childhood. They are
depression activated by a life event, then automatic thoughts
start. If new symptoms arise, more automatic
thoughts form, creating negative spiral.
Basic cognitive Model 5L A situation evokes different types of automatic
thoughts in different persons.
Mathematical model of Rescorla and Learning results form the discrepancy between
classical conditioning Wagner, 9B what is expected to happen and what actually
happens. This learning then modifies future
expectancies.
Exposure-based Wolpe, 9B With imaginary exposure and relaxation exposure
systematic desensitization and reduction of fear. Based on the theory of
reciprocal inhibition, which states that reducing
anxiety can only take place by pairing the
conditioned stimulus with behaviours that go
against the fear such as relaxation.
