BIOL 1406 Exam II - Ch 4, 5, 6 (Lecture)
Review questions well answered
graded A+
Why is carbon is the backbone of life? - correct answer ✔✔ Four electrons in its outermost shell
can form four bonds, creating molecules vital to cellular function.
What term is this?: a stored form of energy and are also known as triacylglycerols or
triglycerides. - correct answer ✔✔ fats
What term is this?: groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon chains or
rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function - correct answer ✔✔
Functional groups
How can you identify functional groups from the given carbon molecule? - correct answer ✔✔ -
Hydroxyl: hydrogen and oxygen
- Carboxyl: central C bound to O and OH
- Amino: nitrogen
- Phosphate: phosphorus
- Methyl: hydrogen and carbon
- Carbonyl: carbon and oxygen
- Sulfhydryl: sulfur
What are the four biomolecules that build life? Name each monomer and examples. - correct
answer ✔✔ - Carbohydrates (monosaccharides; Ex: glucose, fructose, starch, glycogen, cellulose
)
- Lipids (fatty acid and glycerol; Ex: butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax)
, - Proteins (amino acids; Ex: enzymes, some hormones)
- Nucleic Acids (nucleotides; Ex: DNA, RNA)
How do biomolecules come together (polymer) to form macromolecules? - correct answer ✔✔
Most monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules
known as polymers.
Why isn't a lipid a macromolecule? - correct answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic; not polymers
What term is this?: a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell and
provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all arthropods - correct answer ✔✔
Carbohydrates
What is the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis? - correct answer ✔✔ -
Dehydration: involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy - Hydrolysis: break bonds
and release energy
What term is this?: simple sugars - correct answer ✔✔ monosaccharides
What term is this?: when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction - correct
answer ✔✔ disaccharides
What term is this?: A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bond - correct answer
✔✔ Polysaccharides
What is the difference between starch vs cellulose vs glycogen? - correct answer ✔✔ .Plants:
- Starch- made of alpha glucose
- Cellulose- made of beta glucose
Animals:
Review questions well answered
graded A+
Why is carbon is the backbone of life? - correct answer ✔✔ Four electrons in its outermost shell
can form four bonds, creating molecules vital to cellular function.
What term is this?: a stored form of energy and are also known as triacylglycerols or
triglycerides. - correct answer ✔✔ fats
What term is this?: groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon chains or
rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function - correct answer ✔✔
Functional groups
How can you identify functional groups from the given carbon molecule? - correct answer ✔✔ -
Hydroxyl: hydrogen and oxygen
- Carboxyl: central C bound to O and OH
- Amino: nitrogen
- Phosphate: phosphorus
- Methyl: hydrogen and carbon
- Carbonyl: carbon and oxygen
- Sulfhydryl: sulfur
What are the four biomolecules that build life? Name each monomer and examples. - correct
answer ✔✔ - Carbohydrates (monosaccharides; Ex: glucose, fructose, starch, glycogen, cellulose
)
- Lipids (fatty acid and glycerol; Ex: butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax)
, - Proteins (amino acids; Ex: enzymes, some hormones)
- Nucleic Acids (nucleotides; Ex: DNA, RNA)
How do biomolecules come together (polymer) to form macromolecules? - correct answer ✔✔
Most monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules
known as polymers.
Why isn't a lipid a macromolecule? - correct answer ✔✔ Hydrophobic; not polymers
What term is this?: a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell and
provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all arthropods - correct answer ✔✔
Carbohydrates
What is the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis? - correct answer ✔✔ -
Dehydration: involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy - Hydrolysis: break bonds
and release energy
What term is this?: simple sugars - correct answer ✔✔ monosaccharides
What term is this?: when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction - correct
answer ✔✔ disaccharides
What term is this?: A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bond - correct answer
✔✔ Polysaccharides
What is the difference between starch vs cellulose vs glycogen? - correct answer ✔✔ .Plants:
- Starch- made of alpha glucose
- Cellulose- made of beta glucose
Animals:
