PSY 302 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Another term for the independent variable is: - Correct Answers -the predictor variable
Measuring someone's height based on number of stacked apples is
___________________. - Correct Answers -valid but not reliable
By following two groups of people, one group who smokes (and smoked before entering
the research study), and one group who doesn't smoke (and never smoked before
entering the research study) a researcher is engaging in _________________ research.
Check all that apply. - Correct Answers -quasi-experimental, non-experimental
Some additional, unmeasured variable that relates to the independent variable and may
also cause changes in the dependent variable is called a _______________. - Correct
Answers -confound
A researcher believes that the type of music someone listens to will cause someone to
feel a certain way. In this example, the _______________ is the independent variable,
and the _________________ is the dependent variable. - Correct Answers -type of
music; mood
Match the variable with its appropriate scale of measurement. - Correct Answers -type
of car: normal, order: ordinal, shoe size: interval, number of hairs: ratio
For a particular variable, Kana lists all the values in ascending order, then identifies the
middle number, or the average of the 2 middle numbers. This results in a measure of
___________________ called the _____________. - Correct Answers -central
tendency; mean
Sasha wants to let her readers know how many observations she collected for a
particular variable. The appropriate letter to represent this is: - Correct Answers -N
The 50th percentile is also known as - Correct Answers -the median
The following equation refers to:
∑(𝑋−𝑀)2𝑁−1 - Correct Answers -variance
In the equations for population variance and standard deviation, "N" in the denominator
refers to the number of observations for a given variable. However, when calculating
,variance or standard deviation for a particular sample, we use _____________ to
account for bias. - Correct Answers -n-1
Most researchers report the standard deviation as the prime measure of variability. This
is because it can be interpreted in terms of the ____________ units, unlike the
variance. - Correct Answers -original
A researcher is interested in the age at which infants learn to recognize faces. He
decides to measure infant age as "number of days since birth". This represents the
researcher's ____________________ definition - Correct Answers -operational
To be honest, Likert scales, such as "rate how outgoing you are on the scale from 1 to
5", are ordinal. But we treat them as _______________ . - Correct Answers -interval
f a teacher gives everyone a grade based on the month they were born, this would be a
_____________________ measure of how well students did in the course. - Correct
Answers -reliable but not valid
Which of the following scenarios includes a quasi-independent variable? - Correct
Answers -Younger and older adults are compared in terms of their crystalized
intelligence, Depression rates are compared between men and women
Imagine you are a psychologist at a track-and-field event. Match the scale of
measurement with the appropriate variable. - Correct Answers -nominal: color, ordinal:
places, interval: judges scores, ratio: time
When referring to the mean of a sample, researchers typically use the letter - Correct
Answers -M
In statistics, "N" refers to: - Correct Answers -total # observations
Unlike the standard deviation, variance is in terms of _____________ units and is
_________________. - Correct Answers -squared; difficult to interpret
What value always has a z-score of 0? - Correct Answers -mean
The normal distribution is ____________, meaning that if you fold it in half vertically
down the middle, both sides would be _______________. - Correct Answers -
symmetrical; identical
Given no other information, is the sample mean an unbiased estimate of the population
mean? - Correct Answers -yes
If you obtain a sample mean of 21.54, how would you calculate the LOWER limit of the
confidence interval? - Correct Answers -Subtract 1.96*SE from the sample mean
, If a researcher reported a small range for the 95% confidence interval, you can
conclude that - Correct Answers -The researcher is fairly certain the obtained sample
mean is close to the population mean
With a very large sample size, you would have a _____________ standard error, which
would yield a ______________ confidence interval for the estimate. - Correct Answers -
small; narrow
With a very small sample size, you would have a _____________ standard error, which
would yield a ______________ confidence interval for the estimate. - Correct Answers -
large; wide
_________________ statistics describe the data from our sample. ________________
statistics use sample data to estimate characteristics of the population - Correct
Answers -Descriptive; Inferential
The standard error is _____ - Correct Answers -proportional to the standard deviation of
the population, linked to sample size, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of means
Under what circumstances will the distribution of sample means be a normal
distribution? - Correct Answers -When the population distribution is normal and/or when
the sample size is large
Which of the following is used to decide whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis? -
Correct Answers -p value, critical value
Which of the following is true about the null and alternative hypothesis? - Correct
Answers -They make opposite predictions.
Listening to classical music while studying can improve test performance.
This is an example of a __________ hypothesis. - Correct Answers -research
This is an example of... false positive - Correct Answers -type 1 error
The probability of retaining a null hypothesis that is false is called... - Correct Answers -
type II error.
If we set 𝛼=.05α=.05, then which of the following is TRUE? - Correct Answers -the
critical region can only cover 5% of the sampling distribution, the probability of rejecting
the null hypothesis when it is true is 5%
The quantitative GRE (Graduate Record Examination) has a mean of 150 and standard
deviation of 9. What is the approximate percentile rank for a student who scored 155? -
Correct Answers -70th
AND ANSWERS
Another term for the independent variable is: - Correct Answers -the predictor variable
Measuring someone's height based on number of stacked apples is
___________________. - Correct Answers -valid but not reliable
By following two groups of people, one group who smokes (and smoked before entering
the research study), and one group who doesn't smoke (and never smoked before
entering the research study) a researcher is engaging in _________________ research.
Check all that apply. - Correct Answers -quasi-experimental, non-experimental
Some additional, unmeasured variable that relates to the independent variable and may
also cause changes in the dependent variable is called a _______________. - Correct
Answers -confound
A researcher believes that the type of music someone listens to will cause someone to
feel a certain way. In this example, the _______________ is the independent variable,
and the _________________ is the dependent variable. - Correct Answers -type of
music; mood
Match the variable with its appropriate scale of measurement. - Correct Answers -type
of car: normal, order: ordinal, shoe size: interval, number of hairs: ratio
For a particular variable, Kana lists all the values in ascending order, then identifies the
middle number, or the average of the 2 middle numbers. This results in a measure of
___________________ called the _____________. - Correct Answers -central
tendency; mean
Sasha wants to let her readers know how many observations she collected for a
particular variable. The appropriate letter to represent this is: - Correct Answers -N
The 50th percentile is also known as - Correct Answers -the median
The following equation refers to:
∑(𝑋−𝑀)2𝑁−1 - Correct Answers -variance
In the equations for population variance and standard deviation, "N" in the denominator
refers to the number of observations for a given variable. However, when calculating
,variance or standard deviation for a particular sample, we use _____________ to
account for bias. - Correct Answers -n-1
Most researchers report the standard deviation as the prime measure of variability. This
is because it can be interpreted in terms of the ____________ units, unlike the
variance. - Correct Answers -original
A researcher is interested in the age at which infants learn to recognize faces. He
decides to measure infant age as "number of days since birth". This represents the
researcher's ____________________ definition - Correct Answers -operational
To be honest, Likert scales, such as "rate how outgoing you are on the scale from 1 to
5", are ordinal. But we treat them as _______________ . - Correct Answers -interval
f a teacher gives everyone a grade based on the month they were born, this would be a
_____________________ measure of how well students did in the course. - Correct
Answers -reliable but not valid
Which of the following scenarios includes a quasi-independent variable? - Correct
Answers -Younger and older adults are compared in terms of their crystalized
intelligence, Depression rates are compared between men and women
Imagine you are a psychologist at a track-and-field event. Match the scale of
measurement with the appropriate variable. - Correct Answers -nominal: color, ordinal:
places, interval: judges scores, ratio: time
When referring to the mean of a sample, researchers typically use the letter - Correct
Answers -M
In statistics, "N" refers to: - Correct Answers -total # observations
Unlike the standard deviation, variance is in terms of _____________ units and is
_________________. - Correct Answers -squared; difficult to interpret
What value always has a z-score of 0? - Correct Answers -mean
The normal distribution is ____________, meaning that if you fold it in half vertically
down the middle, both sides would be _______________. - Correct Answers -
symmetrical; identical
Given no other information, is the sample mean an unbiased estimate of the population
mean? - Correct Answers -yes
If you obtain a sample mean of 21.54, how would you calculate the LOWER limit of the
confidence interval? - Correct Answers -Subtract 1.96*SE from the sample mean
, If a researcher reported a small range for the 95% confidence interval, you can
conclude that - Correct Answers -The researcher is fairly certain the obtained sample
mean is close to the population mean
With a very large sample size, you would have a _____________ standard error, which
would yield a ______________ confidence interval for the estimate. - Correct Answers -
small; narrow
With a very small sample size, you would have a _____________ standard error, which
would yield a ______________ confidence interval for the estimate. - Correct Answers -
large; wide
_________________ statistics describe the data from our sample. ________________
statistics use sample data to estimate characteristics of the population - Correct
Answers -Descriptive; Inferential
The standard error is _____ - Correct Answers -proportional to the standard deviation of
the population, linked to sample size, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of means
Under what circumstances will the distribution of sample means be a normal
distribution? - Correct Answers -When the population distribution is normal and/or when
the sample size is large
Which of the following is used to decide whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis? -
Correct Answers -p value, critical value
Which of the following is true about the null and alternative hypothesis? - Correct
Answers -They make opposite predictions.
Listening to classical music while studying can improve test performance.
This is an example of a __________ hypothesis. - Correct Answers -research
This is an example of... false positive - Correct Answers -type 1 error
The probability of retaining a null hypothesis that is false is called... - Correct Answers -
type II error.
If we set 𝛼=.05α=.05, then which of the following is TRUE? - Correct Answers -the
critical region can only cover 5% of the sampling distribution, the probability of rejecting
the null hypothesis when it is true is 5%
The quantitative GRE (Graduate Record Examination) has a mean of 150 and standard
deviation of 9. What is the approximate percentile rank for a student who scored 155? -
Correct Answers -70th
