SOW-PSB3BE35E Intergroup Relations
from a Multicultural Perspective, Radboud
University
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,Intergroup Relations from a Multicultural Perspective
Lecture 1 - Diversity in the Netherlands
Diversity in the Netherlands:
- The origins of the Dutch ‘multicultural society’
- Characteristics of non-Western migrants
The Dutch East Indies → dutch background or indonesian people coming to the
Netherlands
Suriname → also Dutch background or also called suriname people
(independence in 1975)
Dutch Antilles → are officially part of Kingdom, also Dutch background
Until then different colonies coming together never a problem
Until...guest workers came, low-skilled workers (men) for the industrialisation
- after guest workers came they were called ‘people with migrant background’
These ‘guest workers’ were expected to return to country of origin
- the economy of Turkey or Morocco was not good so no reason to go back to origin
country
- they were given the Dutch nationality, also family reunification, partners from abroad
- integration while having own culture, language, origin
But then they were asked to integrate. (coming back to this topic later)
Definition of …
migrant = people with at least one parent born abroad
first generation = person is born abroad and has at least one parent who was born
abroad
second generation = person is born in the Netherlands and has at least one parent
who was born abroad
third generation (also called native) = person is born in the Netherlands, both
parents were born in the Netherlands and at least one grandparent was born abroad
But still, it was not about the nationality, because all ‘migrants’ had the Dutch nationality.
Nowadays, approximately 23% of the Dutch population are migrants.
There is a differentiation between ‘western’ migrants and ‘non-Western’ migrants.
‘Western’ migrants = migrants from Europe (not Turkey), North America, Oceania,
Indonesia and Japan → those migrants are ‘not causing problems’, 10% of
all
migrants in the Netherlands right now
1
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, ‘non-Western’ migrants = migrants from Turkey, Africa, Latin America and Asia,
often referred to as ‘ethnic minorities → those migrants are ‘problem
causing’, 13%
of all migrants in the Netherlands right now
‘Non-Western’ migrants are more ‘modern’, they came approximately in the last 40 years,
but the growth of them is much bigger than of other migrants.
There are also Asylum seekers, those are a very small group, and also mostly leaving after
the war of their country is over.
Characteristics ethnic minorities Turkey and Morocco
- Culture of origin differs significantly from Dutch culture
- Religion differs (Islam) → migrants continue culture and stay within their
own group, sticking to their own culture or religion mostly leads to the fact
that it is visible for the natives
- Unequal geographical distribution, not only living in high density in the
country but they also live in the same neighbourhoods→ segregation is
persistent
- natural increase in number of migrants
- low socio-economic position
- little supply of suitable accommodation elsewhere
- attachment to own neighbourhood
- ‘white flight’ → means that non migrants are leaving this area
- Uneven age composition, a lot of older Dutch people and younger migrants
- Relatively poor, low income and high unemployment, this is more often the case for
migrants than non migrants
- Educational disadvantage
- Criminal, higher within boys (mostly Moroccan), can be that police is discriminating
them, but also with correction to this the percentage is higher
Post-war developments in demography of cultural diversity in the Netherlands
Nowadays it is the times of social polarisation
- because of feeling of neglect, trying to solve this by nationalisation
- having the feeling of loss because of migration
- native people have the feeling of not being home, are confronted with other cultures
2
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, Increasing cultural diversity
In the past migrants were mostly only at the
border, so actually they are still from the
same place (highest concentration of
migrants at borders). But nowadays,
migrants are divided in the whole country
and are present in all cities.
Multiculturalism
- Right to retain one’s own culture
- Acceptance of cultural diversity, enriching the culture
- Rather integration than assimilation, participating as migrant in the Dutch society and
culture without losing own identity and culture
- Stimulation of setting up ethnic organisations in institutions
- Calling ethnicity a problem is taboo (because of war)
- Goes back to traditional pillarization within Dutch society, own organisations and
pillars should be there
All in all this sounds really positive, on an official position, but how was it in the society?
Latent ethnic prejudice
Sniderman & Hagendoorn, 2007
- Research in 1998 into unease among Dutch population about multicultural society,
therefore more general and more concrete questions were asked to either Dutch or
Migrants
- General opinion of Dutch population about Muslims was asked, Does it fit in the
Dutch culture?
- the half of the general opinion about Muslims was ok, other half not and of
those who were not ok 30% were strongly disagreeing
- Concrete opinion of Dutch population about Muslims were more critical, but does it
mean that they are prejudiced
- about 30% is not only critical towards migrants but also prejudiced
- General opinion Muslim migrant population about West European culture
- more than half think that the European have nothing to offer to them and they
feel not accepted by Europeans
3
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from a Multicultural Perspective, Radboud
University
Gedownload door: ikarumba316 | € 912 per jaar
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar. extra verdienen?
,Intergroup Relations from a Multicultural Perspective
Lecture 1 - Diversity in the Netherlands
Diversity in the Netherlands:
- The origins of the Dutch ‘multicultural society’
- Characteristics of non-Western migrants
The Dutch East Indies → dutch background or indonesian people coming to the
Netherlands
Suriname → also Dutch background or also called suriname people
(independence in 1975)
Dutch Antilles → are officially part of Kingdom, also Dutch background
Until then different colonies coming together never a problem
Until...guest workers came, low-skilled workers (men) for the industrialisation
- after guest workers came they were called ‘people with migrant background’
These ‘guest workers’ were expected to return to country of origin
- the economy of Turkey or Morocco was not good so no reason to go back to origin
country
- they were given the Dutch nationality, also family reunification, partners from abroad
- integration while having own culture, language, origin
But then they were asked to integrate. (coming back to this topic later)
Definition of …
migrant = people with at least one parent born abroad
first generation = person is born abroad and has at least one parent who was born
abroad
second generation = person is born in the Netherlands and has at least one parent
who was born abroad
third generation (also called native) = person is born in the Netherlands, both
parents were born in the Netherlands and at least one grandparent was born abroad
But still, it was not about the nationality, because all ‘migrants’ had the Dutch nationality.
Nowadays, approximately 23% of the Dutch population are migrants.
There is a differentiation between ‘western’ migrants and ‘non-Western’ migrants.
‘Western’ migrants = migrants from Europe (not Turkey), North America, Oceania,
Indonesia and Japan → those migrants are ‘not causing problems’, 10% of
all
migrants in the Netherlands right now
1
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Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar. extra verdienen?
, ‘non-Western’ migrants = migrants from Turkey, Africa, Latin America and Asia,
often referred to as ‘ethnic minorities → those migrants are ‘problem
causing’, 13%
of all migrants in the Netherlands right now
‘Non-Western’ migrants are more ‘modern’, they came approximately in the last 40 years,
but the growth of them is much bigger than of other migrants.
There are also Asylum seekers, those are a very small group, and also mostly leaving after
the war of their country is over.
Characteristics ethnic minorities Turkey and Morocco
- Culture of origin differs significantly from Dutch culture
- Religion differs (Islam) → migrants continue culture and stay within their
own group, sticking to their own culture or religion mostly leads to the fact
that it is visible for the natives
- Unequal geographical distribution, not only living in high density in the
country but they also live in the same neighbourhoods→ segregation is
persistent
- natural increase in number of migrants
- low socio-economic position
- little supply of suitable accommodation elsewhere
- attachment to own neighbourhood
- ‘white flight’ → means that non migrants are leaving this area
- Uneven age composition, a lot of older Dutch people and younger migrants
- Relatively poor, low income and high unemployment, this is more often the case for
migrants than non migrants
- Educational disadvantage
- Criminal, higher within boys (mostly Moroccan), can be that police is discriminating
them, but also with correction to this the percentage is higher
Post-war developments in demography of cultural diversity in the Netherlands
Nowadays it is the times of social polarisation
- because of feeling of neglect, trying to solve this by nationalisation
- having the feeling of loss because of migration
- native people have the feeling of not being home, are confronted with other cultures
2
Gedownload door: ikarumba316 | € 912 per jaar
Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar. extra verdienen?
, Increasing cultural diversity
In the past migrants were mostly only at the
border, so actually they are still from the
same place (highest concentration of
migrants at borders). But nowadays,
migrants are divided in the whole country
and are present in all cities.
Multiculturalism
- Right to retain one’s own culture
- Acceptance of cultural diversity, enriching the culture
- Rather integration than assimilation, participating as migrant in the Dutch society and
culture without losing own identity and culture
- Stimulation of setting up ethnic organisations in institutions
- Calling ethnicity a problem is taboo (because of war)
- Goes back to traditional pillarization within Dutch society, own organisations and
pillars should be there
All in all this sounds really positive, on an official position, but how was it in the society?
Latent ethnic prejudice
Sniderman & Hagendoorn, 2007
- Research in 1998 into unease among Dutch population about multicultural society,
therefore more general and more concrete questions were asked to either Dutch or
Migrants
- General opinion of Dutch population about Muslims was asked, Does it fit in the
Dutch culture?
- the half of the general opinion about Muslims was ok, other half not and of
those who were not ok 30% were strongly disagreeing
- Concrete opinion of Dutch population about Muslims were more critical, but does it
mean that they are prejudiced
- about 30% is not only critical towards migrants but also prejudiced
- General opinion Muslim migrant population about West European culture
- more than half think that the European have nothing to offer to them and they
feel not accepted by Europeans
3
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Dit document is auteursrechtelijk beschermd, het verspreiden van dit document is strafbaar. extra verdienen?
