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MMG 301 Exam 2 MSU Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question: Genome
Ans✅ ✅: all the genetic material in a cell; includes the chromosome, plasmids,
DNA, RNA
Question: Template DNA
Ans✅ ✅: The segment of DNA being sequenced
Question: Primer
Ans✅ ✅: Needed to elongate and build the fragment. It binds to the template DNA
and attaches the first deoxyribonucleotide during DNA synthesis
Question: DNA polymerase
Ans✅ ✅: enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA in the 5'-3' direction
Question: Pyrosequencing
Ans✅ ✅: aka 2nd generation sequencing
increases the speed of genome projects by using massively parallel methods where
1000s of sequences reactions can be performed simultaneously
Question: Alignment
Ans✅ ✅: Different fragments will share the same sequences. the insertion of gaps
into a set of sequences organized in rows so that homologous fragments are organized
in vertical columns. Alignment is necessary prior to phylogenetic analysis because
deletion and insertion mutations cause variations in the length of molecular sequences
Question: Overlaps
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Ans✅ ✅: similar sequences from different fragments
Question: Open Reading Frames (ORF)
Ans✅ ✅: a sequence of DNA orRNA that encodes a protein
Question: Bioinformatics
Ans✅ ✅: the branch of biology dealing with computational approaches in storage,
analysis, and comparison of genomes
Question: Vertical Gene Transfer
Ans✅ ✅: Inheritance: genes are replicated and the cell divides to transfer the DNA
to two daughter cells
Question: Horizontal Gene Transfer
Ans✅ ✅: smaller segments of DNA move from 1 cell to another. can be done by
transformation, conjugation, or transduction
Question: RNA-Seq
Ans✅ ✅: examines all mRNA transcripts in a cell. used for comparing: one
microorganism under 2 different conditions, or many related microorganisms under
same conditions
Question: pan genome
Ans✅ ✅: core and the unique genome (the entire genome) of multiple strains of the
same microorganism
Question: Core Genome
Ans✅ ✅: genes that all the microorganisms in the different strains have in common
Question: pathogenicity islands
Ans✅ ✅: aka genomic islands are unique genes clustered together
Question: Gene expression
MMG 301 Exam 2 MSU Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question: Genome
Ans✅ ✅: all the genetic material in a cell; includes the chromosome, plasmids,
DNA, RNA
Question: Template DNA
Ans✅ ✅: The segment of DNA being sequenced
Question: Primer
Ans✅ ✅: Needed to elongate and build the fragment. It binds to the template DNA
and attaches the first deoxyribonucleotide during DNA synthesis
Question: DNA polymerase
Ans✅ ✅: enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA in the 5'-3' direction
Question: Pyrosequencing
Ans✅ ✅: aka 2nd generation sequencing
increases the speed of genome projects by using massively parallel methods where
1000s of sequences reactions can be performed simultaneously
Question: Alignment
Ans✅ ✅: Different fragments will share the same sequences. the insertion of gaps
into a set of sequences organized in rows so that homologous fragments are organized
in vertical columns. Alignment is necessary prior to phylogenetic analysis because
deletion and insertion mutations cause variations in the length of molecular sequences
Question: Overlaps
, Page | 2
Ans✅ ✅: similar sequences from different fragments
Question: Open Reading Frames (ORF)
Ans✅ ✅: a sequence of DNA orRNA that encodes a protein
Question: Bioinformatics
Ans✅ ✅: the branch of biology dealing with computational approaches in storage,
analysis, and comparison of genomes
Question: Vertical Gene Transfer
Ans✅ ✅: Inheritance: genes are replicated and the cell divides to transfer the DNA
to two daughter cells
Question: Horizontal Gene Transfer
Ans✅ ✅: smaller segments of DNA move from 1 cell to another. can be done by
transformation, conjugation, or transduction
Question: RNA-Seq
Ans✅ ✅: examines all mRNA transcripts in a cell. used for comparing: one
microorganism under 2 different conditions, or many related microorganisms under
same conditions
Question: pan genome
Ans✅ ✅: core and the unique genome (the entire genome) of multiple strains of the
same microorganism
Question: Core Genome
Ans✅ ✅: genes that all the microorganisms in the different strains have in common
Question: pathogenicity islands
Ans✅ ✅: aka genomic islands are unique genes clustered together
Question: Gene expression
