Chapter 3 of Adolescence by John W.
Santrock Test Bank.
Chapter 3 is about Brain Structure, Cognition, and Emotion - Answer Brain Structure,
Cognition, and Emotion
Corpus Callosum - Answer A large bundle of axon fibers. Connects left and right sides of brain.
Thickens during adolescence, increasing ability to process information.
prefrontal cortex - Answer highest level of the frontal lobes. Involved in reasoning, decision
making, and self-control. develops through about age 25.
amygdala - Answer Limbic System Structure especially involved in emotion.
Limbic system - Answer A lower portion of brain. Seat of emotions and experience of rewards.
Developed by early adolescence.
neuroconstructivist view - Answer biological and environmental conditions influence the
brain's development. has plasticity and is context dependent; cognitive development closely
linked to brain development.
myelination - Answer process by which the axon portion of the neuron is covered in fat cells
which increase the speed ad efficiency of information processing in the nervous system.
synapses - Answer gaps between neurons, where connections between the axon and
dendrites occur.
risk taking in adolescents - Answer dopamine production is highest during adolescence,
leading to risk taking and reward seeking.
Experience and plasticity - Answer environmental experiences influence the brain's
development.
What can adolescents do to better develop their brains? - Answer engage in higher-level
, Schema - Answer mental concept or framework that is useful in organizing and interpreting
information.
Assimilation - Answer incorporating new information into existing knowledge.
accomodation - Answer the adjustment of a schema to new information. the schema changes
in accomodation.
equilibration - Answer a shift in thinking as individuals experience cognitive conflict or a
disequilibrium in trying to understand the world. the conflict resolves and equilibrium is
reached.
What are Piaget's Cognitive Processes? - Answer 1. Sensorimoter Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
sensorimotor stage - Answer infants combine their senses with movement.
preoperational stage - Answer 2-7 years. Children begin to represent the world with language,
images, drawings.
concrete operational - Answer 7-11. Logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as it
can be applied to specific, concrete examples.
formal operational stage - Answer 11-15. Abstract thoughts. Can reason about hypothetical
situations.
hypothetical deductive reasoning - Answer ability to develop best guesses or hypothetical
answers to problems, logically.
early formal operational thought - Answer adolescents newfound ability to think in
hypothetical, unconstrained ways. Assimilation is the dominant process.
Santrock Test Bank.
Chapter 3 is about Brain Structure, Cognition, and Emotion - Answer Brain Structure,
Cognition, and Emotion
Corpus Callosum - Answer A large bundle of axon fibers. Connects left and right sides of brain.
Thickens during adolescence, increasing ability to process information.
prefrontal cortex - Answer highest level of the frontal lobes. Involved in reasoning, decision
making, and self-control. develops through about age 25.
amygdala - Answer Limbic System Structure especially involved in emotion.
Limbic system - Answer A lower portion of brain. Seat of emotions and experience of rewards.
Developed by early adolescence.
neuroconstructivist view - Answer biological and environmental conditions influence the
brain's development. has plasticity and is context dependent; cognitive development closely
linked to brain development.
myelination - Answer process by which the axon portion of the neuron is covered in fat cells
which increase the speed ad efficiency of information processing in the nervous system.
synapses - Answer gaps between neurons, where connections between the axon and
dendrites occur.
risk taking in adolescents - Answer dopamine production is highest during adolescence,
leading to risk taking and reward seeking.
Experience and plasticity - Answer environmental experiences influence the brain's
development.
What can adolescents do to better develop their brains? - Answer engage in higher-level
, Schema - Answer mental concept or framework that is useful in organizing and interpreting
information.
Assimilation - Answer incorporating new information into existing knowledge.
accomodation - Answer the adjustment of a schema to new information. the schema changes
in accomodation.
equilibration - Answer a shift in thinking as individuals experience cognitive conflict or a
disequilibrium in trying to understand the world. the conflict resolves and equilibrium is
reached.
What are Piaget's Cognitive Processes? - Answer 1. Sensorimoter Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
sensorimotor stage - Answer infants combine their senses with movement.
preoperational stage - Answer 2-7 years. Children begin to represent the world with language,
images, drawings.
concrete operational - Answer 7-11. Logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as it
can be applied to specific, concrete examples.
formal operational stage - Answer 11-15. Abstract thoughts. Can reason about hypothetical
situations.
hypothetical deductive reasoning - Answer ability to develop best guesses or hypothetical
answers to problems, logically.
early formal operational thought - Answer adolescents newfound ability to think in
hypothetical, unconstrained ways. Assimilation is the dominant process.
