Leadership and ethics
Summary lectures and tutorials
Final exam 14-12-2023
• Time 150 minutes
• Weight 50% of course grade- NO minimum grade
• 29 MCQ (knowledge, application, analysis) (70%)
• 3 open questions (knowledge, application, analysis) (30%)
- 1 questions worth 10 pts 1 page maximum. no minimum
- 1 question worth 5 pts: ½ page maximum, no minimum
- 1 question worth 15 pts: 1.5 pages max, no min.
• Aim to spend no more than 90 minutes on the MCQs
• Aim to spend no more than 50 minutes on open questions
• 10 mins buffer
• Read the question and all answers fully (some answers are only partially true)
• Lectures 5 (Virtue Ethics & Leadership), 6 (Implicit Bias), 7 (CEO pay and distributive
justice): slides + your lecture notes (recordings available)
• Tutorials 5 (Algorithmic Bias + Discrimination) , 6 (Advertising) , 7 (Money and
Meaning
of Work): slides + your notes ( no recordings available)
• There will be no questions on parts of the readings that were not covered in the
lectures
of the tutorials
• Important Knowledge clips:
- Virtue Ethics in Lecture 5
- Algorithmic Bias in Tutorial 5
- Discrimination slides with voiceover by lecturer
What should you study
Table of contents:
Lecture 5: Virtue ethics & leadership............................................................................................2
Lecture 6: Discrimination and implicit bias...................................................................................5
Tutorial 5: Bias, discrimination, and algorithms............................................................................8
Lecture 7: distribution justice & CEO compensation..................................................................12
Tutorial 6: Applying the theories: Ethics of Advertising and Manipulation Ethics of Advertising. 17
Tutorial 7: happiness meaning of work+ Revision for final.........................................................20
Practice exam:........................................................................................................................... 23
1
,Lecture 5: Virtue ethics & leadership
● Virtue Ethics
- Deontology and consequentialism focus on rules and principles
- Virtue ethical theories: rules are at most guidelines
- Virtue ethics: an experience and virtuous person consistently act rightly
- Focus on character and moral emotions
● Virtues II, practical wisdom
1. Moral virtues: the golden mean (courage, honestly, generosity) - Emotional
2. Practical wisdom: intellectual virtue
● Moral virtues
- Golden mean: are the mean between extremes of deficiency and excess
- A disposition
- Examples: courage, honesty, generosity, kindness, truthfulness, patience,
loyalty, modesty
- Virtue is a mean relative to us
● Practical wisdom
● Virtue ethics and “the good life”
- According to Aristotle, happiness (“the good life”) is our overarching goal
- Developing a virtuous character is part of what it means to live a good life
- So, happiness (“the good life”) is not just subjective feeling:
- Happiness means living well, not just on one-off occasions but throughout
your lifetime (i.e., it is sustained)
- Happiness means realizing your capacities and potential (developing virtues)
● Becoming virtuous
How do you become virtuous?
- Habituation
- Role models
2
, - Friendships
- Change is slow, but possible
● Criticism
- Circularity
- How do we recognize role models?
- Moral responsibility: can we hold people responsible for their virtues? (if
habits are formed children)
Virtue ethics in business
- What is a virtuous manager?
(instead of that is the right thing to do)
- What is a virtuous company?
(virtuous organizational culture)
● Leadership
- Definition of leadership: having a goal and facilitating, allowing people to
reach their goal. And owning the goal, taking responsibility.
- Example: Nelson Mandela: can change people
What makes a good leader?
- Responsibility
- Orientation
● What is (good) leadership?
- What is leadership
descriptive
- What is good leadership?
Normative
- “The ultimate question about leadership is not, what is the definition of
leadership? We are not confused about what leaders do, we would like to
know the best way to do it. The point of studying leadership is to answer the
question, what is good leadership?”
● What is good leadership?
- Is what makes a good leader the same in business as in other spheres?
- Effective leaders
- Ethical leaders
- “The use of good here has two senses: morally good leadership and technically
good leadership”
- Is what makes a good leader the same in business as the other spheres?
- Effective leaders
3
Summary lectures and tutorials
Final exam 14-12-2023
• Time 150 minutes
• Weight 50% of course grade- NO minimum grade
• 29 MCQ (knowledge, application, analysis) (70%)
• 3 open questions (knowledge, application, analysis) (30%)
- 1 questions worth 10 pts 1 page maximum. no minimum
- 1 question worth 5 pts: ½ page maximum, no minimum
- 1 question worth 15 pts: 1.5 pages max, no min.
• Aim to spend no more than 90 minutes on the MCQs
• Aim to spend no more than 50 minutes on open questions
• 10 mins buffer
• Read the question and all answers fully (some answers are only partially true)
• Lectures 5 (Virtue Ethics & Leadership), 6 (Implicit Bias), 7 (CEO pay and distributive
justice): slides + your lecture notes (recordings available)
• Tutorials 5 (Algorithmic Bias + Discrimination) , 6 (Advertising) , 7 (Money and
Meaning
of Work): slides + your notes ( no recordings available)
• There will be no questions on parts of the readings that were not covered in the
lectures
of the tutorials
• Important Knowledge clips:
- Virtue Ethics in Lecture 5
- Algorithmic Bias in Tutorial 5
- Discrimination slides with voiceover by lecturer
What should you study
Table of contents:
Lecture 5: Virtue ethics & leadership............................................................................................2
Lecture 6: Discrimination and implicit bias...................................................................................5
Tutorial 5: Bias, discrimination, and algorithms............................................................................8
Lecture 7: distribution justice & CEO compensation..................................................................12
Tutorial 6: Applying the theories: Ethics of Advertising and Manipulation Ethics of Advertising. 17
Tutorial 7: happiness meaning of work+ Revision for final.........................................................20
Practice exam:........................................................................................................................... 23
1
,Lecture 5: Virtue ethics & leadership
● Virtue Ethics
- Deontology and consequentialism focus on rules and principles
- Virtue ethical theories: rules are at most guidelines
- Virtue ethics: an experience and virtuous person consistently act rightly
- Focus on character and moral emotions
● Virtues II, practical wisdom
1. Moral virtues: the golden mean (courage, honestly, generosity) - Emotional
2. Practical wisdom: intellectual virtue
● Moral virtues
- Golden mean: are the mean between extremes of deficiency and excess
- A disposition
- Examples: courage, honesty, generosity, kindness, truthfulness, patience,
loyalty, modesty
- Virtue is a mean relative to us
● Practical wisdom
● Virtue ethics and “the good life”
- According to Aristotle, happiness (“the good life”) is our overarching goal
- Developing a virtuous character is part of what it means to live a good life
- So, happiness (“the good life”) is not just subjective feeling:
- Happiness means living well, not just on one-off occasions but throughout
your lifetime (i.e., it is sustained)
- Happiness means realizing your capacities and potential (developing virtues)
● Becoming virtuous
How do you become virtuous?
- Habituation
- Role models
2
, - Friendships
- Change is slow, but possible
● Criticism
- Circularity
- How do we recognize role models?
- Moral responsibility: can we hold people responsible for their virtues? (if
habits are formed children)
Virtue ethics in business
- What is a virtuous manager?
(instead of that is the right thing to do)
- What is a virtuous company?
(virtuous organizational culture)
● Leadership
- Definition of leadership: having a goal and facilitating, allowing people to
reach their goal. And owning the goal, taking responsibility.
- Example: Nelson Mandela: can change people
What makes a good leader?
- Responsibility
- Orientation
● What is (good) leadership?
- What is leadership
descriptive
- What is good leadership?
Normative
- “The ultimate question about leadership is not, what is the definition of
leadership? We are not confused about what leaders do, we would like to
know the best way to do it. The point of studying leadership is to answer the
question, what is good leadership?”
● What is good leadership?
- Is what makes a good leader the same in business as in other spheres?
- Effective leaders
- Ethical leaders
- “The use of good here has two senses: morally good leadership and technically
good leadership”
- Is what makes a good leader the same in business as the other spheres?
- Effective leaders
3
