Inhoud
Lecture 1 – Introduction.........................................................................................................................5
Literature: Costello & Robinson Introduction.....................................................................................5
Lecture................................................................................................................................................5
Challenges for public policy making for governance.......................................................................5
Democracy (consensus vs. majoritarian)........................................................................................6
Parliamentary vs. presidential systems...........................................................................................6
Polarisation.....................................................................................................................................7
Political discontent (left behind vs. squeezed middle)....................................................................7
Mixed economy/welfare states......................................................................................................8
Lecture 2 – Comparing political systems: the transformation of the political space in Europe..............8
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 1..................................................................................................8
Introduction....................................................................................................................................8
Electoral formula............................................................................................................................9
The dominance of PR systems in Europe......................................................................................10
District and district magnitude.....................................................................................................10
Ballot structure and the intraparty dimension of electoral systems.............................................11
The main consequences of electoral systems...............................................................................12
The impact of electoral systems on the intraparty dimension of politics.....................................13
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................13
Democracy – representing and voting..........................................................................................13
Models of representation.............................................................................................................13
Lecture 3 – Governance, politics, market.............................................................................................20
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 11 & 12.....................................................................................20
The nation state............................................................................................................................20
Arguments for decentralization....................................................................................................20
Variations on territorial government............................................................................................21
Territorial finance.........................................................................................................................22
Territorial politics..........................................................................................................................22
Varieties of capitalism..................................................................................................................22
Building capitalism in Europe........................................................................................................23
Varieties of post-communist capitalism.......................................................................................23
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................25
State and nation. Does ‘we’ exist? And how does it relate to governance?.................................25
Multi level-governance.................................................................................................................26
, Centralisation or decentralisation................................................................................................27
Esping-andersens worlds of welfare capitalism............................................................................28
Hall and soskice’s varieties of capitalism......................................................................................28
Europe in global crises (financial, corona)....................................................................................28
Austerity resulted (and was already going on).............................................................................28
Lecture 4 – Populism, Trump and the mobilisation of discontent........................................................28
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 9 & 15.......................................................................................28
Fundamental design.....................................................................................................................28
Roles and functions......................................................................................................................29
Strong parties, weak parliaments.................................................................................................30
Historical factors behind the rise of anti-establishment parties...................................................31
Radical-left parties........................................................................................................................31
Extreme-right parties....................................................................................................................31
To be or not to be populist?.........................................................................................................31
Coronavirus and populism............................................................................................................32
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................32
Lecture 5 – Representation deficit? Democracy, political parties and voting gin European parties.....36
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 2 & 3.........................................................................................36
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................36
Political parties.............................................................................................................................36
Different types of parties that emerged.......................................................................................40
Lecture 6 – Euroscepticism and political trust: the connection between national and supranational
politics and policy.................................................................................................................................44
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 5................................................................................................44
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................44
Lecture 7 – Direct democracy, citizen engagement and participation: involving the public in
governmental and political processes..................................................................................................50
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 4 & 7.........................................................................................50
Literature: Michels & De Graaf (2010)..............................................................................................50
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................50
Terminology..................................................................................................................................50
Chapter 4: Bernhagen & Vetter (2020). Political participation.....................................................51
Chapter 6: Farrel & Field (2020). Beyond Electoral representation: Direct and deliberative
democracy....................................................................................................................................51
Michels & De Graaf (2010; 2017). Examning citizen participation: Local participatory policy
making and democracy.................................................................................................................52
Local case: ‘Community rights’ in Amsterdam..............................................................................53
,Lecture 8 – Protest and social movement: From peaceful protest to acts of terrorism as
manifestations of discontent................................................................................................................54
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 4 & CH 14..................................................................................54
Literature: Van Stekelenburg & Klandermans (2008).......................................................................54
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................54
Terminology..................................................................................................................................54
Chapter 4: Bernhagen & Vetter (2020). Political participation.....................................................54
(Important) Van Stekelenburg & Klandermans (2009). Social movements theory: Past, present
and prospects...............................................................................................................................55
Practice-based and cultural approach..........................................................................................57
Examples from past to present: Civil Rights Movement, Anti-War Movement, Climate
Movement, Black Lives Matter.....................................................................................................57
Beck (2008) The contribution of social movement theory to understanding terrorism...............57
Van den Ende & Van Marrewijk (2019). Teargas, taboo and transformation...............................58
Squatting in Amsterdam as social movement...............................................................................58
Lecture 9 – Inequality: Taxation, Welfare State retrenchment and labour markets............................58
Literature: Esping Andersen (1990)..................................................................................................58
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................58
Welfare state................................................................................................................................58
Lecture 10 – the executive branch: organizing democratically legitimate governance........................66
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 7 & 8.........................................................................................66
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................66
The mechanics of democratic governance: how does the system work?.....................................66
Lecture 11 – The governance of social problems, or the social problem of governance? Discretion and
the principle-agent impasse.................................................................................................................70
Literature: Costello & Robinson CH 13 & 16.....................................................................................70
Literature: Fukuyama (2004)............................................................................................................70
Literature: Tummers & Bekkers, (2014, p 527-533, 540-541)...........................................................70
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................70
Why do these limits pose a big problem?.....................................................................................70
How then could/should we view the government and governance differently?..........................71
What remains to be done?...........................................................................................................74
Lecture 12 – What remains to be done? Good governance in an improvising society.........................74
Literature: Boutellier (2013).............................................................................................................74
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 13 & 16.....................................................................................74
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................74
The improvising society................................................................................................................75
, Application of this way of thinking...............................................................................................78
B) Defence....................................................................................................................................79
Important characteristics of Democratic countries..............................................................................81
Countries in the EU...........................................................................................................................81
1. Austria......................................................................................................................................81
2. Italy...........................................................................................................................................81
3. Belgium.....................................................................................................................................81
4. Latvia........................................................................................................................................81
5. Bulgaria.....................................................................................................................................81
6. Lithuania...................................................................................................................................81
7. Croatia......................................................................................................................................81
8. Luxembourg..............................................................................................................................81
9. Cyprus.......................................................................................................................................81
10. Malta......................................................................................................................................81
11. Czech Republic........................................................................................................................81
12. The Netherlands.....................................................................................................................81
13. Denmark.................................................................................................................................82
14. Poland.....................................................................................................................................82
15. Estonia....................................................................................................................................82
16. Portugal..................................................................................................................................82
17. Finland....................................................................................................................................82
18. Romania..................................................................................................................................82
19. France.....................................................................................................................................82
20. Slovakia...................................................................................................................................82
21. Germany.................................................................................................................................82
22. Slovenia..................................................................................................................................83
23. Greece....................................................................................................................................83
24. Spain.......................................................................................................................................83
25. Hungary..................................................................................................................................83
26. Sweden..................................................................................................................................83
27. Ireland.....................................................................................................................................83
Remaining countries apart of the European Economic Area agreement..........................................83
1. Norway.....................................................................................................................................83
2. Liechtenstein............................................................................................................................83
3. Iceland......................................................................................................................................83
Candidate countries on the road to EU membership.......................................................................83
, 1. Albania......................................................................................................................................83
2. Montenegro..............................................................................................................................83
3. North Macedonia......................................................................................................................83
4. Serbia........................................................................................................................................83
5. Turkey.......................................................................................................................................83
Potential candidatest to become a member of the EU.....................................................................83
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina............................................................................................................83
2. Kosovo......................................................................................................................................84
Remaining countries in Europe.........................................................................................................84
1. Andorra.....................................................................................................................................84
2. Armenia....................................................................................................................................84
3. Azerbaijan.................................................................................................................................84
4. Belarus......................................................................................................................................84
5. Georgia.....................................................................................................................................84
6. Moldova....................................................................................................................................84
7. Monaco.....................................................................................................................................84
8. Russia........................................................................................................................................84
9. San Marino................................................................................................................................84
10. Switzerland.............................................................................................................................84
11. Turkey.....................................................................................................................................84
12. Ukraine...................................................................................................................................84
13. United Kingdom......................................................................................................................84
14. Vatican City.............................................................................................................................85
Important countries outside of Europe............................................................................................85
1. Australia....................................................................................................................................85
2. Canada......................................................................................................................................85
3. The United States of America...................................................................................................85
Lecture 1 – Introduction
Literature: Costello & Robinson Introduction
Lecture
Challenges for public policy making for governance
- Euro-zone financial crisis/corona-virus
- Immigration
- Terrorism (Islamic extremism and far-right)
- Political extremism (populist threat to liberal democratic order)
- International instability and (Russian) aggressive policy
Lecture 1 – Introduction.........................................................................................................................5
Literature: Costello & Robinson Introduction.....................................................................................5
Lecture................................................................................................................................................5
Challenges for public policy making for governance.......................................................................5
Democracy (consensus vs. majoritarian)........................................................................................6
Parliamentary vs. presidential systems...........................................................................................6
Polarisation.....................................................................................................................................7
Political discontent (left behind vs. squeezed middle)....................................................................7
Mixed economy/welfare states......................................................................................................8
Lecture 2 – Comparing political systems: the transformation of the political space in Europe..............8
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 1..................................................................................................8
Introduction....................................................................................................................................8
Electoral formula............................................................................................................................9
The dominance of PR systems in Europe......................................................................................10
District and district magnitude.....................................................................................................10
Ballot structure and the intraparty dimension of electoral systems.............................................11
The main consequences of electoral systems...............................................................................12
The impact of electoral systems on the intraparty dimension of politics.....................................13
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................13
Democracy – representing and voting..........................................................................................13
Models of representation.............................................................................................................13
Lecture 3 – Governance, politics, market.............................................................................................20
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 11 & 12.....................................................................................20
The nation state............................................................................................................................20
Arguments for decentralization....................................................................................................20
Variations on territorial government............................................................................................21
Territorial finance.........................................................................................................................22
Territorial politics..........................................................................................................................22
Varieties of capitalism..................................................................................................................22
Building capitalism in Europe........................................................................................................23
Varieties of post-communist capitalism.......................................................................................23
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................25
State and nation. Does ‘we’ exist? And how does it relate to governance?.................................25
Multi level-governance.................................................................................................................26
, Centralisation or decentralisation................................................................................................27
Esping-andersens worlds of welfare capitalism............................................................................28
Hall and soskice’s varieties of capitalism......................................................................................28
Europe in global crises (financial, corona)....................................................................................28
Austerity resulted (and was already going on).............................................................................28
Lecture 4 – Populism, Trump and the mobilisation of discontent........................................................28
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 9 & 15.......................................................................................28
Fundamental design.....................................................................................................................28
Roles and functions......................................................................................................................29
Strong parties, weak parliaments.................................................................................................30
Historical factors behind the rise of anti-establishment parties...................................................31
Radical-left parties........................................................................................................................31
Extreme-right parties....................................................................................................................31
To be or not to be populist?.........................................................................................................31
Coronavirus and populism............................................................................................................32
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................32
Lecture 5 – Representation deficit? Democracy, political parties and voting gin European parties.....36
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 2 & 3.........................................................................................36
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................36
Political parties.............................................................................................................................36
Different types of parties that emerged.......................................................................................40
Lecture 6 – Euroscepticism and political trust: the connection between national and supranational
politics and policy.................................................................................................................................44
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 5................................................................................................44
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................44
Lecture 7 – Direct democracy, citizen engagement and participation: involving the public in
governmental and political processes..................................................................................................50
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 4 & 7.........................................................................................50
Literature: Michels & De Graaf (2010)..............................................................................................50
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................50
Terminology..................................................................................................................................50
Chapter 4: Bernhagen & Vetter (2020). Political participation.....................................................51
Chapter 6: Farrel & Field (2020). Beyond Electoral representation: Direct and deliberative
democracy....................................................................................................................................51
Michels & De Graaf (2010; 2017). Examning citizen participation: Local participatory policy
making and democracy.................................................................................................................52
Local case: ‘Community rights’ in Amsterdam..............................................................................53
,Lecture 8 – Protest and social movement: From peaceful protest to acts of terrorism as
manifestations of discontent................................................................................................................54
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 4 & CH 14..................................................................................54
Literature: Van Stekelenburg & Klandermans (2008).......................................................................54
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................54
Terminology..................................................................................................................................54
Chapter 4: Bernhagen & Vetter (2020). Political participation.....................................................54
(Important) Van Stekelenburg & Klandermans (2009). Social movements theory: Past, present
and prospects...............................................................................................................................55
Practice-based and cultural approach..........................................................................................57
Examples from past to present: Civil Rights Movement, Anti-War Movement, Climate
Movement, Black Lives Matter.....................................................................................................57
Beck (2008) The contribution of social movement theory to understanding terrorism...............57
Van den Ende & Van Marrewijk (2019). Teargas, taboo and transformation...............................58
Squatting in Amsterdam as social movement...............................................................................58
Lecture 9 – Inequality: Taxation, Welfare State retrenchment and labour markets............................58
Literature: Esping Andersen (1990)..................................................................................................58
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................58
Welfare state................................................................................................................................58
Lecture 10 – the executive branch: organizing democratically legitimate governance........................66
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 7 & 8.........................................................................................66
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................66
The mechanics of democratic governance: how does the system work?.....................................66
Lecture 11 – The governance of social problems, or the social problem of governance? Discretion and
the principle-agent impasse.................................................................................................................70
Literature: Costello & Robinson CH 13 & 16.....................................................................................70
Literature: Fukuyama (2004)............................................................................................................70
Literature: Tummers & Bekkers, (2014, p 527-533, 540-541)...........................................................70
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................70
Why do these limits pose a big problem?.....................................................................................70
How then could/should we view the government and governance differently?..........................71
What remains to be done?...........................................................................................................74
Lecture 12 – What remains to be done? Good governance in an improvising society.........................74
Literature: Boutellier (2013).............................................................................................................74
Literature: Costello & Robinson Ch 13 & 16.....................................................................................74
Lecture..............................................................................................................................................74
The improvising society................................................................................................................75
, Application of this way of thinking...............................................................................................78
B) Defence....................................................................................................................................79
Important characteristics of Democratic countries..............................................................................81
Countries in the EU...........................................................................................................................81
1. Austria......................................................................................................................................81
2. Italy...........................................................................................................................................81
3. Belgium.....................................................................................................................................81
4. Latvia........................................................................................................................................81
5. Bulgaria.....................................................................................................................................81
6. Lithuania...................................................................................................................................81
7. Croatia......................................................................................................................................81
8. Luxembourg..............................................................................................................................81
9. Cyprus.......................................................................................................................................81
10. Malta......................................................................................................................................81
11. Czech Republic........................................................................................................................81
12. The Netherlands.....................................................................................................................81
13. Denmark.................................................................................................................................82
14. Poland.....................................................................................................................................82
15. Estonia....................................................................................................................................82
16. Portugal..................................................................................................................................82
17. Finland....................................................................................................................................82
18. Romania..................................................................................................................................82
19. France.....................................................................................................................................82
20. Slovakia...................................................................................................................................82
21. Germany.................................................................................................................................82
22. Slovenia..................................................................................................................................83
23. Greece....................................................................................................................................83
24. Spain.......................................................................................................................................83
25. Hungary..................................................................................................................................83
26. Sweden..................................................................................................................................83
27. Ireland.....................................................................................................................................83
Remaining countries apart of the European Economic Area agreement..........................................83
1. Norway.....................................................................................................................................83
2. Liechtenstein............................................................................................................................83
3. Iceland......................................................................................................................................83
Candidate countries on the road to EU membership.......................................................................83
, 1. Albania......................................................................................................................................83
2. Montenegro..............................................................................................................................83
3. North Macedonia......................................................................................................................83
4. Serbia........................................................................................................................................83
5. Turkey.......................................................................................................................................83
Potential candidatest to become a member of the EU.....................................................................83
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina............................................................................................................83
2. Kosovo......................................................................................................................................84
Remaining countries in Europe.........................................................................................................84
1. Andorra.....................................................................................................................................84
2. Armenia....................................................................................................................................84
3. Azerbaijan.................................................................................................................................84
4. Belarus......................................................................................................................................84
5. Georgia.....................................................................................................................................84
6. Moldova....................................................................................................................................84
7. Monaco.....................................................................................................................................84
8. Russia........................................................................................................................................84
9. San Marino................................................................................................................................84
10. Switzerland.............................................................................................................................84
11. Turkey.....................................................................................................................................84
12. Ukraine...................................................................................................................................84
13. United Kingdom......................................................................................................................84
14. Vatican City.............................................................................................................................85
Important countries outside of Europe............................................................................................85
1. Australia....................................................................................................................................85
2. Canada......................................................................................................................................85
3. The United States of America...................................................................................................85
Lecture 1 – Introduction
Literature: Costello & Robinson Introduction
Lecture
Challenges for public policy making for governance
- Euro-zone financial crisis/corona-virus
- Immigration
- Terrorism (Islamic extremism and far-right)
- Political extremism (populist threat to liberal democratic order)
- International instability and (Russian) aggressive policy
