Microbiology 275 Midterm Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification - Answers microbiology
examples of organisms studied by microbiology - Answers microorganisms
microbes
germs
viruses
agents
bugs
major groups of microorganisms - Answers bacteria
algae
protozoa
helminths (worms)
fungi
viruses
noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements dependent on their infected host -
Answers viruses
medical microbiology - Answers deals with microbes that cause diseases in animals and
humans
public health microbiology and epidemiology - Answers monitor and control spread of diseases
in communities
immunology - Answers studies the web of protective substances and cells produced in
response to infection - like vaccination, blood testing and allergy
industrial microbiology - Answers safeguards our food and water and includes biotechnology
and metabolism like in gene therapy
agricultural microbiology - Answers concerned with relationships between microbes and
domesticated plants and animals
environmental microbiology - Answers study effect of microbes on earth's habitats
,eukaroytes - Answers contain a true nucleus
prokaryotes - Answers contain no true nucleus
EX: bacteria and archaea
T or F: microbes are deeply involved in the flow of energy and food through the earth's
ecosystems - Answers true
decomposition - Answers breakdown of dead matter and wastes
T or F: microscopic organisms produce more oxygen than plants - Answers true
biotechnology - Answers manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial
setting
EX: specialized bacteria mining precious metals or clean up human-created contamination
genetic engineering - Answers manipulates genetics of microbes, plants and animals for the
purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms
recombinant DNA technology - Answers makes it possible to transfer genetic material from one
organism to anther and deliberately alter DNA
--bacteria and fungi were some of the first organisms to be genetically engineered
bioremediation - Answers involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore
stability or to clean up toxic pollutants
pathogen - Answers any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that
causes a disease
--nearly 2,00 different ones
T or F: certain diseases once considered noninfectious are now found to be caused by microbes
- Answers true
T or F: all microbes cause disease - Answers false
characteristics of bacteria and archaeal cells - Answers 10X smaller than eukaryotic cells
lack organelles
all are single-celled
all are microorganisms
lack a nuclues
, harbored and nourished by the host and cause damage and disease in the host - Answers
parasites
who performed the first observations under the microscope - Answers Robert Hooke
the 4 categories of the Century of Biology - Answers discovery of restriction enzymes
the invention of the PCR technique
the importance of biofilms in infectious diseases
the importance of small RNAs
general approach by scientists to explain a phenomenon - Answers scientific method
tentative explanation to account for what has been observed or measured - Answers hypothesis
T or F: if experimentation supports hypothesis, it is not immediately accepted as fact - Answers
true
found that microbes in dust and air have high heat resistance - Answers john tyndall
linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease - Answers robert koch
first to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms - Answers joseph lister
showed that human diseases could arise from infection - germ theory of disease - Answers
Pasteur
spontaneous generation was disproven by _____ with his experiment using swan neck flasks -
Answers Pasteur
the science of classifying living beings - Answers taxonomy
attempts the orderly arrangment of organisms into taxa - Answers classification
the process of discovering and recording the traits or organisms so that they may be recognized
or named and placed in an overall taxa scheme - Answers identification
binomial system - Answers combination of genus and species name
genus capitalized, species lower case
always italicized
levels of classification, most general to most specific - Answers domain
kingdom
specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification - Answers microbiology
examples of organisms studied by microbiology - Answers microorganisms
microbes
germs
viruses
agents
bugs
major groups of microorganisms - Answers bacteria
algae
protozoa
helminths (worms)
fungi
viruses
noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements dependent on their infected host -
Answers viruses
medical microbiology - Answers deals with microbes that cause diseases in animals and
humans
public health microbiology and epidemiology - Answers monitor and control spread of diseases
in communities
immunology - Answers studies the web of protective substances and cells produced in
response to infection - like vaccination, blood testing and allergy
industrial microbiology - Answers safeguards our food and water and includes biotechnology
and metabolism like in gene therapy
agricultural microbiology - Answers concerned with relationships between microbes and
domesticated plants and animals
environmental microbiology - Answers study effect of microbes on earth's habitats
,eukaroytes - Answers contain a true nucleus
prokaryotes - Answers contain no true nucleus
EX: bacteria and archaea
T or F: microbes are deeply involved in the flow of energy and food through the earth's
ecosystems - Answers true
decomposition - Answers breakdown of dead matter and wastes
T or F: microscopic organisms produce more oxygen than plants - Answers true
biotechnology - Answers manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial
setting
EX: specialized bacteria mining precious metals or clean up human-created contamination
genetic engineering - Answers manipulates genetics of microbes, plants and animals for the
purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms
recombinant DNA technology - Answers makes it possible to transfer genetic material from one
organism to anther and deliberately alter DNA
--bacteria and fungi were some of the first organisms to be genetically engineered
bioremediation - Answers involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore
stability or to clean up toxic pollutants
pathogen - Answers any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that
causes a disease
--nearly 2,00 different ones
T or F: certain diseases once considered noninfectious are now found to be caused by microbes
- Answers true
T or F: all microbes cause disease - Answers false
characteristics of bacteria and archaeal cells - Answers 10X smaller than eukaryotic cells
lack organelles
all are single-celled
all are microorganisms
lack a nuclues
, harbored and nourished by the host and cause damage and disease in the host - Answers
parasites
who performed the first observations under the microscope - Answers Robert Hooke
the 4 categories of the Century of Biology - Answers discovery of restriction enzymes
the invention of the PCR technique
the importance of biofilms in infectious diseases
the importance of small RNAs
general approach by scientists to explain a phenomenon - Answers scientific method
tentative explanation to account for what has been observed or measured - Answers hypothesis
T or F: if experimentation supports hypothesis, it is not immediately accepted as fact - Answers
true
found that microbes in dust and air have high heat resistance - Answers john tyndall
linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease - Answers robert koch
first to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms - Answers joseph lister
showed that human diseases could arise from infection - germ theory of disease - Answers
Pasteur
spontaneous generation was disproven by _____ with his experiment using swan neck flasks -
Answers Pasteur
the science of classifying living beings - Answers taxonomy
attempts the orderly arrangment of organisms into taxa - Answers classification
the process of discovering and recording the traits or organisms so that they may be recognized
or named and placed in an overall taxa scheme - Answers identification
binomial system - Answers combination of genus and species name
genus capitalized, species lower case
always italicized
levels of classification, most general to most specific - Answers domain
kingdom
