NREMT EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
|VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|ALREADY
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cardiogenic shock - (ANSWER)-the type of shock caused by inadequate function
of the heart. This develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient output to
meet the demands of the body
-caused by any disease or event which prevents heart pumping
-can occur directly after AMI up to 24 hours
Obstructive shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock that results when conditions that
cause mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle also impact pump function
ex. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Beck's triad - (ANSWER)Signs of a cardiac tamponade. JVD, narrowing BP
pressures, muffled heart sounds
Distributive shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock when there is widespread
dilation of the small arterioles, venules, or both. Blood pools in the expanded
vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases
Types of distributive shock - (ANSWER)Septic shock caused by severe infections;
neurogenic shock caused by damage to the spinal cord (bradycardia, low BP,
warm skin); anaphylactic shock caused by allergic reaction; psychogenic shock
,Hypovolemic shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock that results from an inadequate
amount of fluid or volume in the system
-15% of blood volume
How do you treat for shock? - (ANSWER)Keep the patient warm, control bleeding,
put the patient in a position of comfort, and administer high-flow oxygen
brain damage without oxygen - (ANSWER)-without enough oxygen, cardiac arrest
or brain damage occurs within about 4 minutes
-permanent brain damage within 6 minutes
-death likely within 10 minutes
FBAO - (ANSWER)-signs of blockage include inability to cough or speak or inability
to ventilate patient
-bending patient forward at the waist, support chest with one hand, use heel of
hand to give 5 back blows between shoulder blades
-then 5 abdominal thrusts
-alternate between the two until object is dislodged
-if patient loses consciousness, give CPR starting with chest compressions
-given even if patient has a pulse, so don't check
-before giving breaths, look inside mouth for any visible objects
FBAO in children - (ANSWER)-using thigh for support, lay facing down along
forearm; ensure head is lower than the body
,-give 5 firm back blows between blades
-5 chest thrusts; place 2 to 3 fingers in the middle of the chest just below the
nipples. push down 1.5 inches.
-alternate, unless lose consciousness, then CPR
mouse to mouth/mouth to nose - (ANSWER)-mouth to mouth performed when
patient does not have adequate breathing and artificial ventilation not available
-open airway
-place barrier device
-pinch nose and form seal around patient's mouth
-check for FBAO if you do not see chest rise and fall
-give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults and 1 every 3 for peds
Steps of CPR - (ANSWER)Determine unresponsiveness. Check for breathing for up
to 10 seconds. Check carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. Begin CPR until AED is
available. Give 30 compressions at 100 beats/min and then 2 breaths over the
course of 1 second. Once an advanced airway is inserted, ventilate at a rate of 8-
10 breaths/min and do not stop compressions.
This is exactly the same for children, except two-rescuer CPR is 15:2. If patient
experiences a return of spontaneous circulation, ventilate at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min.
compression to breath ratios - (ANSWER)under 8 years old:
, -2 provider: 15:2
-1 provider: 30:2
-one third of chest diameter
older:
-30:2 always
-2 inches
AED procedure - (ANSWER)-if cardiac arrest was not seen by EMS, give 5 cycles of
30:2 before defibrillating
-if cardiac arrest was seen, one EMT begins compressions and the other applies
AED
-if only one EMT available, apply AED immediately
-check for pulse 2 minutes after defib
-if no shockable rhythm, wait 2 minutes and re-analyze
When to place left lateral - (ANSWER)If patient has adequate breathing and is
uninjured. To maintain a patent airway in an unresponsive patient.
What to do if you fail to ventilate - (ANSWER)If the breath doesn't go in
successfully, reposition the patient and try again. If there is still nothing, assume
there is a foreign body obstruction and begin CPR on an unresponsive apneic
patient. Continue to attempt ventilations and open the mouth and look in every
time.
|VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|LATEST UPDATE
cardiogenic shock - (ANSWER)-the type of shock caused by inadequate function
of the heart. This develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient output to
meet the demands of the body
-caused by any disease or event which prevents heart pumping
-can occur directly after AMI up to 24 hours
Obstructive shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock that results when conditions that
cause mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle also impact pump function
ex. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
Beck's triad - (ANSWER)Signs of a cardiac tamponade. JVD, narrowing BP
pressures, muffled heart sounds
Distributive shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock when there is widespread
dilation of the small arterioles, venules, or both. Blood pools in the expanded
vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases
Types of distributive shock - (ANSWER)Septic shock caused by severe infections;
neurogenic shock caused by damage to the spinal cord (bradycardia, low BP,
warm skin); anaphylactic shock caused by allergic reaction; psychogenic shock
,Hypovolemic shock - (ANSWER)The type of shock that results from an inadequate
amount of fluid or volume in the system
-15% of blood volume
How do you treat for shock? - (ANSWER)Keep the patient warm, control bleeding,
put the patient in a position of comfort, and administer high-flow oxygen
brain damage without oxygen - (ANSWER)-without enough oxygen, cardiac arrest
or brain damage occurs within about 4 minutes
-permanent brain damage within 6 minutes
-death likely within 10 minutes
FBAO - (ANSWER)-signs of blockage include inability to cough or speak or inability
to ventilate patient
-bending patient forward at the waist, support chest with one hand, use heel of
hand to give 5 back blows between shoulder blades
-then 5 abdominal thrusts
-alternate between the two until object is dislodged
-if patient loses consciousness, give CPR starting with chest compressions
-given even if patient has a pulse, so don't check
-before giving breaths, look inside mouth for any visible objects
FBAO in children - (ANSWER)-using thigh for support, lay facing down along
forearm; ensure head is lower than the body
,-give 5 firm back blows between blades
-5 chest thrusts; place 2 to 3 fingers in the middle of the chest just below the
nipples. push down 1.5 inches.
-alternate, unless lose consciousness, then CPR
mouse to mouth/mouth to nose - (ANSWER)-mouth to mouth performed when
patient does not have adequate breathing and artificial ventilation not available
-open airway
-place barrier device
-pinch nose and form seal around patient's mouth
-check for FBAO if you do not see chest rise and fall
-give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults and 1 every 3 for peds
Steps of CPR - (ANSWER)Determine unresponsiveness. Check for breathing for up
to 10 seconds. Check carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. Begin CPR until AED is
available. Give 30 compressions at 100 beats/min and then 2 breaths over the
course of 1 second. Once an advanced airway is inserted, ventilate at a rate of 8-
10 breaths/min and do not stop compressions.
This is exactly the same for children, except two-rescuer CPR is 15:2. If patient
experiences a return of spontaneous circulation, ventilate at a rate of 10-12
breaths/min.
compression to breath ratios - (ANSWER)under 8 years old:
, -2 provider: 15:2
-1 provider: 30:2
-one third of chest diameter
older:
-30:2 always
-2 inches
AED procedure - (ANSWER)-if cardiac arrest was not seen by EMS, give 5 cycles of
30:2 before defibrillating
-if cardiac arrest was seen, one EMT begins compressions and the other applies
AED
-if only one EMT available, apply AED immediately
-check for pulse 2 minutes after defib
-if no shockable rhythm, wait 2 minutes and re-analyze
When to place left lateral - (ANSWER)If patient has adequate breathing and is
uninjured. To maintain a patent airway in an unresponsive patient.
What to do if you fail to ventilate - (ANSWER)If the breath doesn't go in
successfully, reposition the patient and try again. If there is still nothing, assume
there is a foreign body obstruction and begin CPR on an unresponsive apneic
patient. Continue to attempt ventilations and open the mouth and look in every
time.
