Chapter 20 – Cell communities; tissues, stem cells and cancer
Connective tissue composed of;
Cells with their internal framework of cytoskeletal filaments
Extracellular matrix extracellular protein fibers, cells secrete this around
themselves. It gives strength to supportive tissues (bone/cartilage)
o Collagen; pulling forces; provides tensile strength to resist stretching.
(biedt treksterkte om uitrekken te weerstaan)
Type I; in tendons and in bone
Type II; thin fibers in cartilage
Type III; thin fibers in reticular connective tissue
Type IV; basal lamina; for adhesion (aantrekking of epithelium)
o Proteoglycans; pressure forces; resisting compression (bestand tegen
samendrukking) so, protect against pressure.
o Basal lamina; adhesion
Ground substance; glycoproteins
Extracellular matrix and connective tissue
Animal cells; tissues capable of rapid movement, change shape quickly
Plant cells; rigid (stijf), when cells are isolated from the supporting matrix (=cell wall)
they are weak and fragile.
Plant cells
Each cell surrounds itself with extracellular matrix in the form of a cell wall.
Cell wall is made of long fibers from polysaccharide cellulose and other
polysaccharides
Cellulose is synthesized on the outer surface of the cell by cellulose synthase
complex. These complexes transport sugar monomers across the membrane to
incorporate them in the growing polymer.
Cellulose microfibrils are interwoven with other polysaccharides and some structural
proteins complex structure.
Newly formed plant cells make primary cell walls. Once a cell growth stops the
secondary cell wall is produced.
Turgor pressure; develops as the result of an osmotic imbalance between the interior
of the plant cell and the surrounding.
By controlling the way cellulose lay down in the wall, the plant can control its own
shape and direction of growth of the tissue.
Animal cells
In connective tissue, there is a lot of extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue in animals is enormously varied. Flexible/hard/soft etc.
Connective tissue composed of;
Cells with their internal framework of cytoskeletal filaments
Extracellular matrix extracellular protein fibers, cells secrete this around
themselves. It gives strength to supportive tissues (bone/cartilage)
o Collagen; pulling forces; provides tensile strength to resist stretching.
(biedt treksterkte om uitrekken te weerstaan)
Type I; in tendons and in bone
Type II; thin fibers in cartilage
Type III; thin fibers in reticular connective tissue
Type IV; basal lamina; for adhesion (aantrekking of epithelium)
o Proteoglycans; pressure forces; resisting compression (bestand tegen
samendrukking) so, protect against pressure.
o Basal lamina; adhesion
Ground substance; glycoproteins
Extracellular matrix and connective tissue
Animal cells; tissues capable of rapid movement, change shape quickly
Plant cells; rigid (stijf), when cells are isolated from the supporting matrix (=cell wall)
they are weak and fragile.
Plant cells
Each cell surrounds itself with extracellular matrix in the form of a cell wall.
Cell wall is made of long fibers from polysaccharide cellulose and other
polysaccharides
Cellulose is synthesized on the outer surface of the cell by cellulose synthase
complex. These complexes transport sugar monomers across the membrane to
incorporate them in the growing polymer.
Cellulose microfibrils are interwoven with other polysaccharides and some structural
proteins complex structure.
Newly formed plant cells make primary cell walls. Once a cell growth stops the
secondary cell wall is produced.
Turgor pressure; develops as the result of an osmotic imbalance between the interior
of the plant cell and the surrounding.
By controlling the way cellulose lay down in the wall, the plant can control its own
shape and direction of growth of the tissue.
Animal cells
In connective tissue, there is a lot of extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue in animals is enormously varied. Flexible/hard/soft etc.
