Articles:
2. Urban Sustainability: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?
• Campbell, S. 1996. Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?
• Blanco, H.; Mazmanian, D.A. (2014) The sustainable city: introduction and overview
• Swyngedouw, E. 2010. Impossible sustainability and the post-political condition.
3. The urban metabolism and the (political) ecology of cities
• Karvounis, A. 2014. Urban metabolism.
• Newell, J. P. & Cousins, J. J. 2015. The boundaries of urban metabolism:
• Heynen, N., Kaika, M.; Swyngedouw, E. 2006. Urban political ecology.
4. Nature and the City
• Gandy, M. 2006. Urban nature and the ecological imaginary
5. The “European City” Model and the Chicago School of Urbanism
• Häußermann, & Haila, A. 2005. The European City
• Wirth, L. 1938.Urbanism as a Way of Life.
• Yeates, M. 2014. "Yesterday as Tomorrow’s Song”
6. The LA School of Urbanism and Postcolonial Urban Studies
• Dear, M. and S. Flusty 2002. Los Angeles as Postmodern Urbanism.
• Watson, V. 2014. Learning planning from the south: ideas from the new urban frontiers.
7. (Sub)Urbanism, Sustainable Urban Form and Smart Urban Growth
• Neuman, M. 2005. The Compact City Fallacy
• Newman, P. 2014. Rediscovering compact cities for sustainability
• Monstadt, J. & Meilinger, V. (2020). Governing suburbia through regionalized land-use
planning?
8. Metropolitan Governance and the Promotion of Greenbelts
• Macdonald, S., Monstadt, J. & Friendly, A. 2020. Re-thinking the governance and planning of a
new generation of greenbelts.
• Dieleman, F. M., Dijst, M. J.; Spit, T. 1999. Planning the compact city
9. Urban infrastructure as mediators of sustainable cities?
• Graham, S. and S. Marvin (2001). Introduction.
• Neuman, M.; Smith, S. 2010. City Planning and Infrastructure: Once and Future Partners.
10. Urban sustainability transitions
• Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., et al. (2019). An agenda for sustainability transitions
research: State of the art and future directions.
• Pettibone, L. (2016). Governing urban sustainability: comparing cities in the USA and
Germany.
11. Transformative approaches
• Bulkeley, H., Castán Broto, V., 2013. Government by experiment?
, Week 1: Sustainability and the Anthropocene
2. Urban Sustainability: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?
Article 1: Green cities, growing cities, just cities? Campbell
The planner’s triangle: three priorities, three conflicts
The planner has to reconcile three conflicting interests: grow the economy (grow cities), share this
growth (just cities) and do not harm the ecosystems during the process (green cities). This leads to
three types of planners:
1. The economic development planner sees the city as a location where production, consumption,
distribution and innovation take place. Strives for growth and efficiency
− The city is in competition with other cities for markets and industries.
− Space is the economic space of highways, market areas and commuter zones
2. The environmental planner sees the city as a consumer of resources and a producer of waste.
− The city is in competition with nature for scarce resources and land and always poses
a threat to nature.
− Space is the ecological space of greenways, river basins and ecological niches.
3. The equity planner sees the city as a location of conflict over the distribution of resources,
services and opportunities. Strives for equality in opportunity and income.
− The competition is within the city itself, among different social groups.
− Space is a social space of communities, neighbourhood organizations etc.
The conflicting goals for planning lead tot
three associated conflicts:
1. The property conflict: Competing
claims on the use of property: for
example, gentrification professionals
and long-term residents.
This conflict defines the boundary
between private interest and the
public good.
2. The resource conflict: conflict
between economic prosperity and
environmental protection. Business
resists the regulation of its
exploitation of nature, but at the same
time needs regulation. For example,
building of a new highway, which brings economic growth but extra carbon output.
This conflict defines the boundary between the developed city and the undeveloped wilderness,
which is symbolized by the "city limits." The boundaries are not fixed but dynamic.
3. The development conflict: stems from managing the two conflicts above. This is the most
challenging in sustainable development: How to increase social equity and protect the
environment simultaneously, whether in a steady-state economy or not. Often there is seen a
grim link between environmental preservation and poverty.
Conflict and complementarity in the Triangle
The challenge for planners is to deal with the conflicts between competing interests and conflicting
conceptions by discovering and implementing complementary uses. In other words, the development
conflict can be resolved only if the property conflict is resolved as well.
Sustainable development
Although the concept of sustainable development is vague because of its path and outcome, it can be
transformed and refined to be of use to planners. It is an unifying concept that brings together different
environmental concerns, defines a set of social priorities and articulates how society values the
economy, the environment and equity.
2. Urban Sustainability: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?
• Campbell, S. 1996. Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?
• Blanco, H.; Mazmanian, D.A. (2014) The sustainable city: introduction and overview
• Swyngedouw, E. 2010. Impossible sustainability and the post-political condition.
3. The urban metabolism and the (political) ecology of cities
• Karvounis, A. 2014. Urban metabolism.
• Newell, J. P. & Cousins, J. J. 2015. The boundaries of urban metabolism:
• Heynen, N., Kaika, M.; Swyngedouw, E. 2006. Urban political ecology.
4. Nature and the City
• Gandy, M. 2006. Urban nature and the ecological imaginary
5. The “European City” Model and the Chicago School of Urbanism
• Häußermann, & Haila, A. 2005. The European City
• Wirth, L. 1938.Urbanism as a Way of Life.
• Yeates, M. 2014. "Yesterday as Tomorrow’s Song”
6. The LA School of Urbanism and Postcolonial Urban Studies
• Dear, M. and S. Flusty 2002. Los Angeles as Postmodern Urbanism.
• Watson, V. 2014. Learning planning from the south: ideas from the new urban frontiers.
7. (Sub)Urbanism, Sustainable Urban Form and Smart Urban Growth
• Neuman, M. 2005. The Compact City Fallacy
• Newman, P. 2014. Rediscovering compact cities for sustainability
• Monstadt, J. & Meilinger, V. (2020). Governing suburbia through regionalized land-use
planning?
8. Metropolitan Governance and the Promotion of Greenbelts
• Macdonald, S., Monstadt, J. & Friendly, A. 2020. Re-thinking the governance and planning of a
new generation of greenbelts.
• Dieleman, F. M., Dijst, M. J.; Spit, T. 1999. Planning the compact city
9. Urban infrastructure as mediators of sustainable cities?
• Graham, S. and S. Marvin (2001). Introduction.
• Neuman, M.; Smith, S. 2010. City Planning and Infrastructure: Once and Future Partners.
10. Urban sustainability transitions
• Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., et al. (2019). An agenda for sustainability transitions
research: State of the art and future directions.
• Pettibone, L. (2016). Governing urban sustainability: comparing cities in the USA and
Germany.
11. Transformative approaches
• Bulkeley, H., Castán Broto, V., 2013. Government by experiment?
, Week 1: Sustainability and the Anthropocene
2. Urban Sustainability: Utopian Vision or False Dawn?
Article 1: Green cities, growing cities, just cities? Campbell
The planner’s triangle: three priorities, three conflicts
The planner has to reconcile three conflicting interests: grow the economy (grow cities), share this
growth (just cities) and do not harm the ecosystems during the process (green cities). This leads to
three types of planners:
1. The economic development planner sees the city as a location where production, consumption,
distribution and innovation take place. Strives for growth and efficiency
− The city is in competition with other cities for markets and industries.
− Space is the economic space of highways, market areas and commuter zones
2. The environmental planner sees the city as a consumer of resources and a producer of waste.
− The city is in competition with nature for scarce resources and land and always poses
a threat to nature.
− Space is the ecological space of greenways, river basins and ecological niches.
3. The equity planner sees the city as a location of conflict over the distribution of resources,
services and opportunities. Strives for equality in opportunity and income.
− The competition is within the city itself, among different social groups.
− Space is a social space of communities, neighbourhood organizations etc.
The conflicting goals for planning lead tot
three associated conflicts:
1. The property conflict: Competing
claims on the use of property: for
example, gentrification professionals
and long-term residents.
This conflict defines the boundary
between private interest and the
public good.
2. The resource conflict: conflict
between economic prosperity and
environmental protection. Business
resists the regulation of its
exploitation of nature, but at the same
time needs regulation. For example,
building of a new highway, which brings economic growth but extra carbon output.
This conflict defines the boundary between the developed city and the undeveloped wilderness,
which is symbolized by the "city limits." The boundaries are not fixed but dynamic.
3. The development conflict: stems from managing the two conflicts above. This is the most
challenging in sustainable development: How to increase social equity and protect the
environment simultaneously, whether in a steady-state economy or not. Often there is seen a
grim link between environmental preservation and poverty.
Conflict and complementarity in the Triangle
The challenge for planners is to deal with the conflicts between competing interests and conflicting
conceptions by discovering and implementing complementary uses. In other words, the development
conflict can be resolved only if the property conflict is resolved as well.
Sustainable development
Although the concept of sustainable development is vague because of its path and outcome, it can be
transformed and refined to be of use to planners. It is an unifying concept that brings together different
environmental concerns, defines a set of social priorities and articulates how society values the
economy, the environment and equity.
