CRJ 104 FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Rational Choice Theory - ANS When the offender outways the pros and cons. Weights the
risks before they attempt to do a crime.
Positivist - ANS positivist sees the root causes of crime in factors outside the control of the
offender.
Such as biology
Psychology
Sociology
If Rational Choice Theory is Correct, What is the Primary Way We Reduce Crime and
Recidivism? - ANS Deterrence. Making harsher punishments for certain types of crime
and the reason that they choose to commit crime is that they think it will be more rewarding
and less costly for them than noncriminal behavior.
RCT argues that people voluntarily, willfully choose to commit criminal acts such as burglary,
car theft, and assault just like they willfully choose to do other things, such as work in a grocery
store, go to college, or use recreational drugs.
Numbers/Mass Incarceration - ANS Highest imprison rate in the world.
Extraordinary high incarceration rate.
Huge incarceration of racial minority groups. High percentage of blacks.
Hard time finding jobs, for the rest of their lives, they can be denied the right to vote,
automatically excluded form jurors, and legally discriminated against in employment, housing,
and access to education and public benefits.
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, Mass incarceration cripples families (causing home instability and food insecurity)
We have an over inflated system of incarceration that is excessively punitive, disproportionate
in its impact on the poor and minorities, exceedingly expensive, and largely irrelevant to
reducing predatory crime.
Federal/State Prisons - ANS A correctional facility that houses convicted felons.
Provide a safe and secure environment for staff and inmates, as well as programs for offenders
that assist them after release.
Minimum Security- have dormitory housing, a relatively low staff-to-inmate ratio, and limited
or no perimeter fencing. Work and program oriented.
Low Security- mostly dormitory and cubicle housing, strong work and program components.
Medium Security- mostly cell-type housing, wide variety of work and treatment programs.
High Security- US penitentiaries, have highly secured perimeters, highest staff-to-inmate ratio,
and close control of inmate movement.
Private Prisons - ANS A private prison or for-profit prison is a place in which individuals are
physically confined or incarcerated by a third party that is contracted by a government agency.
... Such contracts may be for the operation only of a facility, or for design, construction and
operation.
Jails - ANS To hold accused law violators who cannot post bond so as to ensure their
appearance at trial, and 2) to hold those persons convicted of lesser offenders until they
complete their court-ordered sentences.
The incarceration of persons charged with crimes and awaiting trial, as well as some persons
serving sentences for less offenses, distinguishes local jails from state and federal prions.
Religious services and life-based skills
Drug and alcohol prevention groups
Substance abuse classes.
etc.
Productive through labor
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
AND ANSWERS
Rational Choice Theory - ANS When the offender outways the pros and cons. Weights the
risks before they attempt to do a crime.
Positivist - ANS positivist sees the root causes of crime in factors outside the control of the
offender.
Such as biology
Psychology
Sociology
If Rational Choice Theory is Correct, What is the Primary Way We Reduce Crime and
Recidivism? - ANS Deterrence. Making harsher punishments for certain types of crime
and the reason that they choose to commit crime is that they think it will be more rewarding
and less costly for them than noncriminal behavior.
RCT argues that people voluntarily, willfully choose to commit criminal acts such as burglary,
car theft, and assault just like they willfully choose to do other things, such as work in a grocery
store, go to college, or use recreational drugs.
Numbers/Mass Incarceration - ANS Highest imprison rate in the world.
Extraordinary high incarceration rate.
Huge incarceration of racial minority groups. High percentage of blacks.
Hard time finding jobs, for the rest of their lives, they can be denied the right to vote,
automatically excluded form jurors, and legally discriminated against in employment, housing,
and access to education and public benefits.
1|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
, Mass incarceration cripples families (causing home instability and food insecurity)
We have an over inflated system of incarceration that is excessively punitive, disproportionate
in its impact on the poor and minorities, exceedingly expensive, and largely irrelevant to
reducing predatory crime.
Federal/State Prisons - ANS A correctional facility that houses convicted felons.
Provide a safe and secure environment for staff and inmates, as well as programs for offenders
that assist them after release.
Minimum Security- have dormitory housing, a relatively low staff-to-inmate ratio, and limited
or no perimeter fencing. Work and program oriented.
Low Security- mostly dormitory and cubicle housing, strong work and program components.
Medium Security- mostly cell-type housing, wide variety of work and treatment programs.
High Security- US penitentiaries, have highly secured perimeters, highest staff-to-inmate ratio,
and close control of inmate movement.
Private Prisons - ANS A private prison or for-profit prison is a place in which individuals are
physically confined or incarcerated by a third party that is contracted by a government agency.
... Such contracts may be for the operation only of a facility, or for design, construction and
operation.
Jails - ANS To hold accused law violators who cannot post bond so as to ensure their
appearance at trial, and 2) to hold those persons convicted of lesser offenders until they
complete their court-ordered sentences.
The incarceration of persons charged with crimes and awaiting trial, as well as some persons
serving sentences for less offenses, distinguishes local jails from state and federal prions.
Religious services and life-based skills
Drug and alcohol prevention groups
Substance abuse classes.
etc.
Productive through labor
2|P a g e C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 2 5 T H E B R I G H T A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D
