The rise of nationalism in Europe
Notes:
1848:Napoleon's administrative measures in the German-speaking regions led to the
creation of a confederation of 39 states. 48: Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared 4
prints on democracies and social republics.
By 1848, the United Nations and Switzerland were already nation states.
Then came: France----Germany----Austria----Kingdom of the two Sicilies----
Lombardy----Poland----England----Ireland----Hungary----Russia
1789: The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution.
The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (citizen) emphasised a united
community enjoying equal rights under the constitution.
1790s: The activities of the Jacobin clubs prepared the way for the French armies,
which moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and much of Italy.
Civil code of 1804: Also called the Napoleonic Code, it did away with all the privileges
based on birth, established equality, and secured the property right.
Napoleon simplified administrative division in the Dutch Republic, Germany,
Switzerland, Italy, and Germany, abolished the feudal system, and freed peasants from
serfdom and manorial dues.
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher
Ernest Renan ( 1823-92) outlined his views on what a nation is.
1813: Napoleon lost a battle at Leipzig
The Habsburg empire's rule over Austria-Hungary was a patchwork of different people,
including the Alpine regions- the Tyrol, Austria, Sudetenland, and Bohemia (German
speaking).
Also included are the Italian-speaking provinces Lombardy and Venetia.
In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar.
In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish.
Bohemians (Germans) and Slovakians (Slovak Republic) were to the north.
Solvenes in Carniola ( area of solvania)
craotes to the south
Roumans to the east in Transylvania.
aristocracy spoke French for diplomacy and in high society.
18th century: Industrilization occurred in England.
19th century: Industrilization In France and German states.
Liberalism is derived from the Latin word Liber meaning free
Napoleon's administrative measures in the German-speaking regions led to the creation
of a confederation of 39 states.
A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would
have had to pass through 11 custom barriers and pay about a custom duty of 5% at each
one of them.
The measure of cloth was elle, which differed from region to region.
An elle of textile material brought in Frankfurt would be 54.7cm, in Mainz was 55.1
cm, Nuremberg 65.6cm, and in Freiburg 53.5cm of cloth.
, 1834: A custom union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined
by many German states.
The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over 30
to 2.
1815: Representatives of the European powers- Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria-
who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement.
The Austrian Chancellor, Duke Matternich, hosted the Congress.
The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of
the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.
The terms of the treaty set up a series of states on the French boundaries to avoid future
expansion.
This led to the creation of the kingdom of Netherlands, which included Belgium, and
was set up in the north.
Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
Austria was given control of northern Itlay and Prussia was given important states.
German confederation of 39 states was left untouched by the treaty.
Russia was given part of Poland and a portion of Saxony was given to Purrsia.
1805: Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa.
He was a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.
1831: Mazzini was sent to exile for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
He founded 2 secret societies:
1. Young Itlay in Marseilles
2. Young Europe in Berne
These members belonged to Poland, France, Italy, and the German states.
1830-1848: the age of revolution
July 1830: The first upheaval took place in France, where liberal revolutionaries
overthrew the Bourbon Kings (restored to power after 1815) and established a
constitutional monarchy with Louis-Philippe at its head.
The July revolution sparked an uprsing in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking
away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1821: The start of the struggle of the Greek war of independence, which had become a
part of the Ottoman empire since the 15th century.
1824: The death of the English poet Lord Byron, who had organized funds to mobilize
Greece from the Muslim empire, died because of Fever.
1832: The Treaty of Constantinople recognized Greece as an independent nation.
Romanticism, a cultural movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th
centuries, emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature and the
past, often seen as a reaction against the Enlightenment's focus on reason and rationality.
1744-1803: Romantic German Philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true
German culture was to be discovered among the common people ( das volk) through folk
songs, poetries, and dances.
Notes:
1848:Napoleon's administrative measures in the German-speaking regions led to the
creation of a confederation of 39 states. 48: Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared 4
prints on democracies and social republics.
By 1848, the United Nations and Switzerland were already nation states.
Then came: France----Germany----Austria----Kingdom of the two Sicilies----
Lombardy----Poland----England----Ireland----Hungary----Russia
1789: The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution.
The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (citizen) emphasised a united
community enjoying equal rights under the constitution.
1790s: The activities of the Jacobin clubs prepared the way for the French armies,
which moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and much of Italy.
Civil code of 1804: Also called the Napoleonic Code, it did away with all the privileges
based on birth, established equality, and secured the property right.
Napoleon simplified administrative division in the Dutch Republic, Germany,
Switzerland, Italy, and Germany, abolished the feudal system, and freed peasants from
serfdom and manorial dues.
In a lecture delivered at the University of Sorbonne in 1882, the French philosopher
Ernest Renan ( 1823-92) outlined his views on what a nation is.
1813: Napoleon lost a battle at Leipzig
The Habsburg empire's rule over Austria-Hungary was a patchwork of different people,
including the Alpine regions- the Tyrol, Austria, Sudetenland, and Bohemia (German
speaking).
Also included are the Italian-speaking provinces Lombardy and Venetia.
In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar.
In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish.
Bohemians (Germans) and Slovakians (Slovak Republic) were to the north.
Solvenes in Carniola ( area of solvania)
craotes to the south
Roumans to the east in Transylvania.
aristocracy spoke French for diplomacy and in high society.
18th century: Industrilization occurred in England.
19th century: Industrilization In France and German states.
Liberalism is derived from the Latin word Liber meaning free
Napoleon's administrative measures in the German-speaking regions led to the creation
of a confederation of 39 states.
A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would
have had to pass through 11 custom barriers and pay about a custom duty of 5% at each
one of them.
The measure of cloth was elle, which differed from region to region.
An elle of textile material brought in Frankfurt would be 54.7cm, in Mainz was 55.1
cm, Nuremberg 65.6cm, and in Freiburg 53.5cm of cloth.
, 1834: A custom union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined
by many German states.
The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over 30
to 2.
1815: Representatives of the European powers- Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria-
who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement.
The Austrian Chancellor, Duke Matternich, hosted the Congress.
The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of
the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.
The terms of the treaty set up a series of states on the French boundaries to avoid future
expansion.
This led to the creation of the kingdom of Netherlands, which included Belgium, and
was set up in the north.
Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
Austria was given control of northern Itlay and Prussia was given important states.
German confederation of 39 states was left untouched by the treaty.
Russia was given part of Poland and a portion of Saxony was given to Purrsia.
1805: Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa.
He was a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.
1831: Mazzini was sent to exile for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
He founded 2 secret societies:
1. Young Itlay in Marseilles
2. Young Europe in Berne
These members belonged to Poland, France, Italy, and the German states.
1830-1848: the age of revolution
July 1830: The first upheaval took place in France, where liberal revolutionaries
overthrew the Bourbon Kings (restored to power after 1815) and established a
constitutional monarchy with Louis-Philippe at its head.
The July revolution sparked an uprsing in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking
away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1821: The start of the struggle of the Greek war of independence, which had become a
part of the Ottoman empire since the 15th century.
1824: The death of the English poet Lord Byron, who had organized funds to mobilize
Greece from the Muslim empire, died because of Fever.
1832: The Treaty of Constantinople recognized Greece as an independent nation.
Romanticism, a cultural movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th
centuries, emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature and the
past, often seen as a reaction against the Enlightenment's focus on reason and rationality.
1744-1803: Romantic German Philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true
German culture was to be discovered among the common people ( das volk) through folk
songs, poetries, and dances.
