TEST BANK
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
q q q q
and Genomes
q q
Key qConcepts
• Inherited q traits qare q affected qby qgenes.
• Genes q are q composed q of q the q chemical q deoxyribonucleic q acid q (DNA).
• DNA qreplicates q to q form q (usually q identical) q copies q of q itself.
• DNA qcontains qa qcode qspecifying qwhat qtypes qof qenzymes qand qother qproteins
qare qmade qin qcells.
• DNA qoccasionally qmutates, q and qthe qmutant qforms qspecify qaltered qproteins.
• A qmutant qenzyme qis qan q"inborn qerror qof qmetabolism" qthat qblocks qone qstep
qin qa qbio- qchemical qpathway qfor qthe qmetabolism qof qsmall qmolecules.
• Traits qare qaffected qby qenvironment qas qwell qas qby qgenes.
• Organisms qchange qgenetically qthrough qgenerations qin qthe qprocess qof
qbiological qevolution.
• Because qof qtheir qcomm.on qdescent, qorganisms qshare qmany qfeatures qof qtheir qgenetics
and qbiochemistry.
Key qTerms
1. complementary qbase qpairing
2. antiparallel
3. central qdogma
4. transcri q tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer q RNA q (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic qeffect qor qpleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts qin q Action
1.1. (a) qfalse; q(b) qtrue; q(c) qtrue; q(d) qfalse.
1.2. The qimportance qof qthe qnucleus qin qinheritance qwas qimplied qby qits
qprominence qin qfer- qtilization. qThe qdiscovery qof qchromosomes qinside qthe
qnucleus, qtheir qbehavior qduring qcell qdivision, qand qthe qobservation qthat qeach
qspecies qhas qa qcharacteristic qchromosome qnumber qmade qit qlikely qthat
qchromosomes qwere qthe qcarriers qof qthe qgenes. qMicro- qscopic q studies
q showed q that q DNA q and q proteins q are q both q present q in q chromosomes, qbut
qwhereas qnearly qall qcells qof qa qgiven qspecies qcontain qa q constant qamount qof
qDNA, qthe qamount qand qkinds q of qproteins qdiffer qgreatly qin qdifferent qcell
qtypes.
C q2006 qby qJones qand qBartlett qPublishers
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
q q q q
and Genomes
q q
Key qConcepts
• Inherited q traits qare q affected qby qgenes.
• Genes q are q composed q of q the q chemical q deoxyribonucleic q acid q (DNA).
• DNA qreplicates q to q form q (usually q identical) q copies q of q itself.
• DNA qcontains qa qcode qspecifying qwhat qtypes qof qenzymes qand qother qproteins
qare qmade qin qcells.
• DNA qoccasionally qmutates, q and qthe qmutant qforms qspecify qaltered qproteins.
• A qmutant qenzyme qis qan q"inborn qerror qof qmetabolism" qthat qblocks qone qstep
qin qa qbio- qchemical qpathway qfor qthe qmetabolism qof qsmall qmolecules.
• Traits qare qaffected qby qenvironment qas qwell qas qby qgenes.
• Organisms qchange qgenetically qthrough qgenerations qin qthe qprocess qof
qbiological qevolution.
• Because qof qtheir qcomm.on qdescent, qorganisms qshare qmany qfeatures qof qtheir qgenetics
and qbiochemistry.
Key qTerms
1. complementary qbase qpairing
2. antiparallel
3. central qdogma
4. transcri q tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer q RNA q (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic qeffect qor qpleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts qin q Action
1.1. (a) qfalse; q(b) qtrue; q(c) qtrue; q(d) qfalse.
1.2. The qimportance qof qthe qnucleus qin qinheritance qwas qimplied qby qits
qprominence qin qfer- qtilization. qThe qdiscovery qof qchromosomes qinside qthe
qnucleus, qtheir qbehavior qduring qcell qdivision, qand qthe qobservation qthat qeach
qspecies qhas qa qcharacteristic qchromosome qnumber qmade qit qlikely qthat
qchromosomes qwere qthe qcarriers qof qthe qgenes. qMicro- qscopic q studies
q showed q that q DNA q and q proteins q are q both q present q in q chromosomes, qbut
qwhereas qnearly qall qcells qof qa qgiven qspecies qcontain qa q constant qamount qof
qDNA, qthe qamount qand qkinds q of qproteins qdiffer qgreatly qin qdifferent qcell
qtypes.
C q2006 qby qJones qand qBartlett qPublishers
