FOOT AND NAIL CARE CERTIFICATION EXAM PREP 2024 VERIFIED 100% CORRECT

FOOT AND NAIL CARE CERTIFICATION EXAM PREP 2024 VERIFIED 100% CORRECT "Callus - CORRECT ANSWER Generalized pressure thickened hyperkeratotic skin usually on the plantar aspect of the foot compose a protective layers of compacted dead skin cells" "Koilonychia nail plate - CORRECT ANSWER Spooning of the nail, edges turn up, may also have nail thinning" "Mee's lines - CORRECT ANSWER Aka: partial leukonchyia. Surface irregularities of white discoloration half of the nail transverse lines" "Muehrcke's lines - CORRECT ANSWER Surface irregularities of narrow horizontal white bands" "Onychodystrophy - CORRECT ANSWER Deformation of the nail" "Onychoschizia - CORRECT ANSWER Surface irregularities of lamellar splitting of the nail plate" "Pitting of the nail - CORRECT ANSWER Surface irregularities in the nail plate resulting from proximal matrix bed disorders" "White nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: liver diseases" "Half of nail is pink, half is white - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: kidney diseases" "Nailbed is red - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: heart conditions" "Pale, thick, brittle nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: fungal infection" "Green Discoloration - CORRECT ANSWER disorder under the nail plate. pseudomonas infection, aspergillus fungal infection or hematoma under the nail can appear green" "bluish discoloration - CORRECT ANSWER subungual tissue disorders. cyanosis or lack of O2. COPD. Improperly fitting shoes" "Gray nail beds - CORRECT ANSWER Medical conditions: malnutrition, Edema or cardio pulmonary disease" "Dark nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: vitamin B 12 deficiency" "Unusual thickness of the nail - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: circulation problems" "Lichen planus - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: Thinning or itching" "Nail flatness - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: vitamin B 12 deficiency or Raynaud" "Short nail beds/clubbing - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: heart disease" "Grooves - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: aging, iron deficiency or kidney disorders" "Ridges - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: arthritis" "Atrophe Blanche - CORRECT ANSWER Dermal sclerosis with white plaques on the ankle or foot with hemosiderin staining on borders" "Babinski reflex - CORRECT ANSWER Neurologic examination in which the planter portion of the foot is lightly stroke. Is abnormal except in infants, if the big toe turned upward instead of downward this indicate central nervous system damage" "Capillary refill - CORRECT ANSWER The time for the capillary beds to refill after pressure applied. Normal is three seconds or less." "Charcot foot - CORRECT ANSWER Weakening or progressive degeneration of the bones of the feet affected by significant neuropathy. Ultimately causes foot deformity" "Hyperalgesia - CORRECT ANSWER Hypersensitivity to pain" "Hyperkeratotic - CORRECT ANSWER Hard white tissue surrounding a wound or overgrowth of the stratum corneum. i.e. corns and calluses." "Biphasic - CORRECT ANSWER Two sounds are heard indicating some narrowing of the artery with loss of" "Onychogryphosis - CORRECT ANSWER rams horn nails; hypertrophy of the nail causing the nail to appear claw like caused by one side of the nail growing faster than the other." "onychomycosis - CORRECT ANSWER fungal infection of the nail module, most common disorder of the toenails" "Lytic nails - CORRECT ANSWER Detached nail plate from the nail bed, will be white due to air under the plate." "Wart - CORRECT ANSWER Tumor of the skin, do not extend below the basal cell layer. have small capillaries within them, can be confused for a splinter. treatment is non specific." "Plantar Porokeratosis - CORRECT ANSWER small circular lesions found on the plantar surface of the foot, have a deep core or plug of callus in the center, found in weight bearing areas or non-weight bearing areas. painful to walk on. the duct of the gland becomes plugged because of pressure, when the callus is removed, pressure is relieved." "Major 3 fungi to cause infection - CORRECT ANSWER Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and epidermophyton floccosum" "increase risk for fungal infection - CORRECT ANSWER susceptibility of the pt (natural resistance), poor circulation, diabetes, other systemic diseases that lower body's resistance, elderly, dry and cracked skin" "Monilia - CORRECT ANSWER aka Candida or yeast." "Omega nail - CORRECT ANSWER Curled nail" "onychomycosis - CORRECT ANSWER fungal infection of the nail, most common disorder of the nail" "Onychogryphosis - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertrophy and curving of the nails giving them a clawlike appearance; AKA rams horn" "Lytic nail - CORRECT ANSWER Detached nail plate from the nail bed" "Beaus lines - CORRECT ANSWER Indentations that run across the nail" "onychalgia - CORRECT ANSWER pain in the nail" "onychitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of the matrix of the nail" "onychoheterotopia - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal location of the nails" "onychoid - CORRECT ANSWER resembling a fingernail (toenail)" "onychopathy - CORRECT ANSWER any disease or deformity of the nail" "onychosis - CORRECT ANSWER onychopathy" "onychotomy - CORRECT ANSWER incision or cutting into a nail" "periungual - CORRECT ANSWER the tissues or area around the nail plate" "subungual - CORRECT ANSWER the tissues or area under the nail plate" "ungual - CORRECT ANSWER pertaining to the nails" "Plicatured nail - CORRECT ANSWER means folded nail. the nail is flat while one or both of the free edges of the plate are folded at a 90 degree angle down into the soft tissue margins. deformity starts in the matrix. most often the cause of onychocryptosis" "splinter hemorrhages - CORRECT ANSWER bleeding between the nail bed and nail plate. caused by endocarditis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, most common cause is microtraumatic injuries to the nail bed" "subungual hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER blood clot under the nail plate. usually traumatic injury to the module. Psoriasis may cause it. if painful may need to drain the blood to provide relief." "Chromonchia - CORRECT ANSWER color changes in the nail plate and on its surface" "Leukonychia - CORRECT ANSWER white nails, the entire nail or part of the nail can be affected" "Onychotillomania - CORRECT ANSWER A pathologic urge to pick the nails." "Tibial - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the nail margin or part of the foot towards the tibia, which is a bone of the leg. It is on the same side of the leg has a big toe." "Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER Rotational motion of the leg in the horizontal or transverse plane causing the toes or distal aspect of the foot to move towards the medial plane." "Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER Rotational motion of the leg in the horizontal or transverse plane causing the toes or distal aspect of the foot to move away from the medial plane." "Inversion - CORRECT ANSWER The sole or plantar aspect of the foot moves in the frontal plane towards the midline or median plane of the body." "Pronation - CORRECT ANSWER Complex triplane (taking place in three different body planes) motion consisting of simultaneous motion of the foot in the direction of abduction eversion and dorsiflexion" “Beau's lines - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal grooves ( not ridges) extending from one side of the nail to the other. Transverse lines. caused by the matrix bed either temporarily ceasing to produce nail plate or slowing down the production of the plate. will generally affect all 20 nail plates." "Clubbing Nail plate - CORRECT ANSWER 180° angle of the nail" "Corns - CORRECT ANSWER Pinpoint pressure thickened hyperkeratotic lesion that ordinarily forms on toes composed of protective layers of compacted dead skin cells" "Yellowing in thickening of the nail, slow growth rate - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: lung diseases" "Pale nailbeds - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: anemia" "Yellowish nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: diabetes, AIDS, aging process, fungi, emphysema, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disease." "Brittle nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: iron deficiency, impaired thyroid, kidney or circulatory" "Splitting or fraying nails - CORRECT ANSWER Medical condition: psoriasis, deficiency of folic acid, protein and vitamin C" "Hyponychium - CORRECT ANSWER The thickened epidermis laying under the free distal end of the nail" "ABI - CORRECT ANSWER compares perfusion pressure's between the upper arm and the lower leg with a Doppler. Normal range 0.9 to 1.2." "Allodynia - CORRECT ANSWER Pain in response to a stimulus that typically does not cause pain" "Dependent rubor - CORRECT ANSWER The color change to a deep red when an extremity is in the dependent position. Indicates poor perfusion" "Dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of the skin. Atopic, contact, allergic, etc. are different types of dermatitis" "Dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER Lupine the toes or feet upward. Opposite of plantar flexion." "Elevations pallor - CORRECT ANSWER Paleness color change when an extremity is elevated. Indicates poor perfusion." "Eponychium - CORRECT ANSWER Aka: the cuticle. Fold at proximal end of nail with firm adhesion to the nail plate. Both are epidermal structures which are continuous with one another being fused creating a waterproof barrier." "Equines foot - CORRECT ANSWER Range of motion of the ankle joint has limited dorsiflexion pulling the toes and foot upward towards the leg. Occurs with club foot 1 foot shorter than the other etc. may cause placing weight on ball of foot or tip toe walking" "Hemosiderosis - CORRECT ANSWER An abnormal accumulation of iron stores staining the skin." "clubbing of nails - CORRECT ANSWER Bulbous swelling of the ends of the fingers or toes giving them a club like appearance. occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung caner, and pulmonary diseases" "Pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER When the eponychium or hyponychium abnormally adheres to the nail plate, creating a wing like structure. could cause loss of nail plate. lichen planus is the most common cause of hyponychium pterygium" "Friction blisters - CORRECT ANSWER localized reaction of the skin to friction from an external source. most common reaction of the skin to trauma. filled with serous fluid just blow the stratum granulosum." "Intractable Plantar keratoma (IPK) - CORRECT ANSWER has a deep core where the most pressure or irritation is present, found under a single weight-bearing area, usually the metatarsal heads, well demarcated edges, it is pyramid shape often with irritated edges." "Heloma durum - CORRECT ANSWER hard corns, usually on the tops and ends of toes" "Heloma molle - CORRECT ANSWER soft corns, usually between or deep in the wed spaces, with whitish color and spongy texture. pain between the toes is usually due to a soft corn not fungal infection." "Papovavirus - CORRECT ANSWER the virus that causes warts. do not extend below the basal cell layer. Transmission is rare but possible." "Chronic hyperkeratotic tinea pedis - CORRECT ANSWER dry scaly skin, edges are usually slightly inflamed and red. itching may or may not be present. The soles and sides of the feet are usually involved in a moccasin-like distribution. Tinea rubrum is the common cause. can be on 1 foot or both. hands can be involved." "Acute Hyperkeratotic tinea pedis - CORRECT ANSWER Characterized by blisters that break and ooze. itching. skin may crack in affected area and is not uncommon to have a secondary bacterial infection. usually starts between the forth and fifth toes. T. Mentagrophytes or E. floccosum." "clubbed nails - CORRECT ANSWER result of prolonged oxygen deficieny, endocarditis, congenital heart defects. Bulbous swelling of the ends of the fingers or toes giving them a club like appearance." "Mees lines - CORRECT ANSWER Transverse white line that are actual changes in the nail plate and do not disappear on compression and follow the shape of the lunula caused by systemically induced injuries to the matrix bed. Are an after effect of an acute life threatening illness" "Onychodermal Band - CORRECT ANSWER AKA solehorn the distal edge of the nail bed that becomes cornified forming a grayish band. Which helps attach the plate and seal the free edge." "onychorrhexis - CORRECT ANSWER series of narrow parallel grooves extending from the base of the nail plate to its free edge. splitting is common in there grooves. seen in pts with lichen planus and psoriasis or occupational trauma" "onychoschizia - CORRECT ANSWER lamellar splitting of the nail plate or splitting of the nail in layers. if the top layer splits off the proximal nail plate is involved, could be psoriasis. distal splitting for the free edge is generally attributed to repeated exposure to water" "Trumpet or pincer nail - CORRECT ANSWER as the nail grows towards the free edge the plate begin to curl inward and depending on the severity of the deformity it may curl completely in on itself. the nail bed can become constricted by the shape of the nail. could be cause by a bone spur on the top of the underlying bone, inherited or improperly fit shoes" "Tile shaped nail - CORRECT ANSWER has an increased transverse curvature throughout the nail plate which is caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. will not cause discomfort to the person" "onychomadesis - CORRECT ANSWER shedding of the nail plate, separation of the nail plate from the matrix bed. cause by local infections, minor injuries to matrix or severe systemic illness, chemo. this is caused by the matrix bed ceases to produce nail plate for a period of 1-2 weeks" "onycholysis - CORRECT ANSWER the plate separates from the free edges back towards the matrix bed. often associated with bacterial or fungal infections of the nail. other causes: shoe trauma, psoriasis, pernicious anemia's, arteriosclerosis." "subungual malignant melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER Appears as a brown spot of band in the matrix bed, plate, nail bed. the discoloration can spread from under the nail into the skin surrounding the nail plate. is a serious but rare condition." "Syndactyly - CORRECT ANSWER Congenital or surgical webbing of the fingers or toes. In the foot, this condition is most commonly seen between the second and third toe. Some surgical procedure to correct hammertoes require surgical webbing to be part of the procedure." "Synpolydactly - CORRECT ANSWER A congenital condition in which an extra digit is completely went to a normal digit" "Brachymetapody - CORRECT ANSWER Visible shortness of the fingers or toes as a result of a congenital short metacarpal or metatarsal. In the foot it seems to usually be the fourth toe as a result of a short fourth metatarsal." "Polydactyly - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic condition in which individual is born with six toes on both feet." "Eversion - CORRECT ANSWER The sole or plantar aspect of the foot moves in the frontal plane away from the midline or median plane of the body." "Supination - CORRECT ANSWER Complex triplane (taking place in three different body planes) motion consisting of simultaneously movement of the foot in the directions of adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion."