Self Tests Bontrager Chapter 19 & 20

Self Tests Bontrager Chapter 19 & 20 What are the 2 synovial joints most commonly examined with an arthrogram? - Correct Answers Knee and shoulder What are 2 contraindications for an arthrogram? - Correct Answers Sensitivity to iodine and to local anesthetics An indication of a possible Baker's cyst suggests the need for an arthrogram procedure for the ______? - Correct Answers Knee What are the two types of contrast media commonly used for a knee arthrogram? - Correct Answers 1. Iodinated water soluble contrast 2. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, or room air What is the purpose of flexing the knee gently after the contrast medium has been injected for an arthrogram procedure? - Correct Answers To provide a thin, even coating of positive contrast media over the soft tissues of the knee joint How many exposures are made for knee arthrograms? - Correct Answers 9 exposures How much is the leg rotated between each exposure for horizontal beam knee arthrograms? - Correct Answers 20° The term rotator cuff refers to what structures of the shoulder? - Correct Answers The conjoined tendons of the four major shoulder muscles What type of needle is most often used to introduce contrast media during a shoulder arthrogram? - Correct Answers 2 3/4 - 3 1/2 inch spinal needle What scout projections may be requested for a shoulder arthrogram? (2) - Correct Answers AP internal rotation and AP external rotation What post-injection projections may be requested for a shoulder arthrogram? (5) - Correct Answers 1. AP internal rotation 2. AP external rotation 3. Glenoid fossa projection (Grashey method) 4. Transaxillary (inferosuperior axial) projection 5. Intertubercular (bicipital) groove projection (Fisk method) The formal term for a radiographic long bone measurement study is called? - Correct Answers Orthoroentgenography True/ False: To measure the length of a long bone properly, the entire lower limb should be included on a single projection. - Correct Answers False; Ends of the bone must be on separate measurements True/ False: Epiphysiodesis is an operation to lengthen bone by widening the epiphyseal plate. - Correct Answers False (a premature fusion of the epiphysis to shorten a bone) True/ False: Movement of the body part between exposures will compromise the long bone study. - Correct Answers True True/ False: If a long bone study of both lower limbs is ordered, the use of two metal rulers is recommended with both limbs exposed at the same time on the same image receptor. - Correct Answers True What is the proper name for the special metal ruler used for long bone measurement? - Correct Answers Bell-Thompson ruler For an adult, what size of image receptor and how many exposures are recommended for a long bone study of the upper limbs? - Correct Answers 10x12 or 11x14 with three exposures placed on the same IR Another term for tomography is - Correct Answers Body section radiography The plane where the target anatomy is clear - Correct Answers Objective plane The factor that determines slice thickness - Correct Answers Exposure angle Radiograph produced by a tomographic unit - Correct Answers Tomogram Distortion of objects outside the objective plane - Correct Answers Blur The pivot point between tube and image receptor - Correct Answers Fulcrum The total distance the x-ray tube travels - Correct Answers Amplitude True/ False: Maximum blurring of anatomy is achieved when it is perpendicular to tube travel. - Correct Answers true True/ False: The primary factor affecting the sectional thickness, as controlled by the operator, is exposure angle. - Correct Answers true True/ False: Increased blurring occurs when the object is farther from the image receptor. - Correct Answers true True/ False: More blurring occurs with a shorter exposure angle. - Correct Answers false Which of the following is not a risk factor for osteoporosis? A Excessive physical activity B. Alcohol consumption C. Low body weight D. Low calcium intake - Correct Answers A. Excessive physical activity Newer dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) uses: - Correct Answers Fan-beam x-ray source A T-score obtained with the DXA system compares the patient with a: - Correct Answers Young healthy individual with peak bone mass The two disadvantages of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) are? - Correct Answers 1. Higher dose 2. More expansive as compared with other bone densitometry syste