Test Bank For Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition- 2024 With All Chapters

TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for
Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2024-2025

,Chapter 1: CellularBiology
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MULTIPLECHOICE jk




1. Which statement bestdescribes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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j k
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-C jk




Reasoning:-
>>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The remainin
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g options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 2 j k jk




2. Mostof a cell’s genetic information, including RNAand DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome j k j k




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C jk




Reasoning:-
>>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and t
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he DNA- jk




binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do notcontain mostof a cell’s genetic in
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formation.

PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 2 j k jk




3. Whichcomponentofthe cellprodNuUc eRsS IhNyGd Tr oBg. Ce nO Mp e roxide (H2O2)byusingoxygentoremove hydrogen atoms from specific
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substrates in an oxidative reaction? jk jk jk jk




a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomesj k




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B jk




Reasoning:-
>>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from s jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk




pecific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
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accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA- jk jk jk
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores
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in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi c
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omplex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,nucleic aci
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ds,andcarbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 8 j k jk




4. Which cell componentis capable of cellular autodigestion when itis released during cell injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum jk kj




b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes jk
j k




ACCURATE ANSWER:-D jk

, Reasoning:-
>>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome an
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d the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments o
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r cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing
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cellular self-digestion. The other options do notcorrectly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PGs 7-8 j k kj




5. Whatis the sequence ofsteps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcript
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ion to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNAby RNAin the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and i
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s conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is cond
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ucted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane. kj jk kj kj kj kj kj jk




c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosomeforsynthesis, and is
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conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cellmembrane. kj kj kj kj kj kj kj




d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis,and is
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conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane. kj jk kj kj kj kj jk




ACCURATE ANSWER:-A jk




Reasoning:-
>>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNAby RNAin the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted i
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n a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 7 |Figure 1-5 j k jk jk kj jk




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNAsynthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M j k




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B jk




Reasoning:-
>>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M =
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mitosis) and the startof DNAsynthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus;
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(3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and
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the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 37 j k jk




7. Whatorganic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes byacting as receptors, transportation
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/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk




a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates j k




ACCURATE ANSWER:-C jk

, Reasoning:-
>>>Proteins actas (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) forsubstances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or tr
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ansportation/transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions orelectrolytes and specific carri jk jk jk jk jk jk jk kj kj kj jk kj kj




ers for amino acids andmonosaccharides; and
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(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularlypotassium(K+
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), within the cell while keeping concentrations ofother ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in
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the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 13 |PG 15 j k kj jk kj jk




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase- jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk




mediated apoptosis and complementcascades,maybe useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders kj jk kj




b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders kj jk jk




c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders kj kj kj




d. Endocrine andgastrointestinal disorders kj kj jk




ACCURATE ANSWER:-B jk




Reasoning:-
>>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk kj kj




ofproteases features prominentlyin manyhuman diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative dis
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orders. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PG 15 j k j k jk




9. Whichstructure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains kj c. Membrane channel proteins kj jk




b. Glycoprotein channels kj d. Lipid bilayer
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-D jk




Reasoning:-
>>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. Itis impermeable to mo
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stwater-soluble molecules (molecules thatdissolve in water) because the water-
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soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydr
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ophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not c
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orrectly describe this process. jk jk jk




PTS: 1 j k j k REF: PGs 12-13 j k kj




10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. Howa cell membrane functions kj jk jk jk




b. Why our bodies appear to be solid jk kj jk jk jk kj




c. How tissue is differentiated kj kj kj




d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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ACCURATE ANSWER:-A jk




Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their kj jk jk jk jk kj jk jk jk kj jk




self-
sealingproperties, and their impermeability to manysubstances. The remaining options do not explain the mosaic model.
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