Lecture 1a:
Bullough: Alfred Kinsey and the Kinsey Report
• He changed the nature of sexual studies
• In uenced both the feminist movement and the gay and lesbian movement
• Nobody wanted to carry out a study about sexual behaviors → Kinsey did
• His course was sex-posi ve for his me and clashed with the hygiene approach (dangers of
sexually transmi ed diseases and masturba on)
• Kinsey approached sex as a Taxonomist
• Kinsey challenged most assump ons about sexual ac vity, he did not believe peoples self-
classi ca on of hetero/homosexual → the only objec ve indicator he could use was to
de ne sex in terms of outlet: orgasms
• Kinsey was the major factor in changing a tudes about sex in the twen eth century: he
changed the nature of sexual studies, a lot more.
• Cri cism: Gathered data from pedophiles, the asexuality of women, The sta s cal sampling
Laan: In pursuit of pleasure: a bio-psychological perspec ve on sexual pleasure and gender
• Domino theory of sexual peril: Sees sex as an uncontrollable biological force that if not
repressed, will inevitably lead to societal chaos and anarchy → fear that a posi ve approach
to sexual health will en ce innocent children and adolescents into engaging in sex that they
are not yet able to consent to
• Proven that: A posi ve approach to sexual health and sex educa on has more bene ts than
risks
• Currently women, in par cular heterosexual women are less likely to experience sexual
pleasure than men, and for them, sex may come at a greater cost than for men
• Women and men do not di er in their capacity for sexual pleasure.
• Cultural rather than biological factors are responsible for previous di erences between
genders in sexuality
Lecture 1b:
Cacciatore: The steps of sexuality: A developmental, emo onal focused, child-centered model of
sexual development and sexuality educa on from birth to adulthood
• Classical psychoanaly c theory: recognized the sexuality of children from infancy, dividing
sexuality in infants and toddlers to oral, anal, phallic and early genital phases.
• early adolescence (12-14): desire to join peer groups that are o en idealized and exert a
powerful in uence over the adolescent
• middle adolescence (15-17): importance of peer groups increase further
• Late adolescence (18-22): high quality friendships
• 11 fases
Graaf: Samenva ng Seks onder je 25e:
• Jongeren beginnen steeds later aan seksuele ac viteiten (druk om goede keuzes te maken)
• Condoomgebruik neemt sterk af maar niet meer SOA’s
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, Lecture 2a:
Caruso: Do hormones in uence women's sex? Sexual ac vity over the menstrual cycle
• There is a change of sexual ac vity frequency throughout the menstrual cycle
• Woman having a partner have more sex on Saturday → without a partner more sex on
Monday un l Friday and on Sunday
• Couples are more a ected by psychosocial factors more than single women
• Women without a partner showed an evident increase of sexual ac vity during the
ovula on phase (fase rond de eisprong)
This sexual behavior of singles could be nearer to the biological model, more in uenced by
hormonal ac vi es than that of the women with a partner, on which the in uence of
psychosocial condi ons could limit the full ac vity of hormones.
• Posi ve correla on between the varia ons of sexual ac vity and steroids during the
menstrual cycle
• The fact that women with a partner reported fewer changes in their sexual ac vity could
reinforce the psychosocial in uence
• Sexual behavior includes an awareness of changes in the female cycle and considera on of
the likelihood of pregnancy
• Human female sexual behavior is strongly related to changes in the menstrual cycle. There
is s ll evidence that ovarian hormones a ect sexual mo va on in humans.
Van Anders: Testosterone and sexual desire in healthy women and men
• Women are also sensi ve for Testosterone
• Dyadic desire: wish to engage in sexual ac vity with another person and desire for in macy
with another person → Nega vely correlated with T
• Solitary desire: interest in engaging in in sexual behavior by oneself, may include wish to
refrain from in macy and sharing with others → Posi vely linked to T
3 Psychosocial domains are addressed:
1. The sexual-rela onal domain: rela onships, masturba on etc. linked to T
2. The stress-mood domain: about cor sol
3. The body-embodiment domain: body image etc → linked to T
• Behavioral;. not hormonal, variables were strongly linked to gender/sex di erences in
sexual desire
• Masturba on was somehow involved in the maintenance of desire and not only its
outcome
• Women certainly are subjected to more nega ve sexual standards than men
• T and desire were not linked in healthy men.
• T is not a signi cant predictor of gender/sex di erences in desire, but that masturba on
appeared to account for these di erences
Lecture 2B:
Vanwesenbeeck: Doing gender in sex and sex research
10 di cul es in treatment of gender in sex research:
1. Gender VS Sex
2. Gender and sexuality: Richardson stresses that the rela onship between gender and
sexuality is dynamic, uid, and unstable, although certainly pa erned as well
3. Preoccupa on with Di erence; in every research everybody wants to know the di erence
between sexes.
4. The evidence for di erence: Gender/sex di erences are o en exaggerated
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Bullough: Alfred Kinsey and the Kinsey Report
• He changed the nature of sexual studies
• In uenced both the feminist movement and the gay and lesbian movement
• Nobody wanted to carry out a study about sexual behaviors → Kinsey did
• His course was sex-posi ve for his me and clashed with the hygiene approach (dangers of
sexually transmi ed diseases and masturba on)
• Kinsey approached sex as a Taxonomist
• Kinsey challenged most assump ons about sexual ac vity, he did not believe peoples self-
classi ca on of hetero/homosexual → the only objec ve indicator he could use was to
de ne sex in terms of outlet: orgasms
• Kinsey was the major factor in changing a tudes about sex in the twen eth century: he
changed the nature of sexual studies, a lot more.
• Cri cism: Gathered data from pedophiles, the asexuality of women, The sta s cal sampling
Laan: In pursuit of pleasure: a bio-psychological perspec ve on sexual pleasure and gender
• Domino theory of sexual peril: Sees sex as an uncontrollable biological force that if not
repressed, will inevitably lead to societal chaos and anarchy → fear that a posi ve approach
to sexual health will en ce innocent children and adolescents into engaging in sex that they
are not yet able to consent to
• Proven that: A posi ve approach to sexual health and sex educa on has more bene ts than
risks
• Currently women, in par cular heterosexual women are less likely to experience sexual
pleasure than men, and for them, sex may come at a greater cost than for men
• Women and men do not di er in their capacity for sexual pleasure.
• Cultural rather than biological factors are responsible for previous di erences between
genders in sexuality
Lecture 1b:
Cacciatore: The steps of sexuality: A developmental, emo onal focused, child-centered model of
sexual development and sexuality educa on from birth to adulthood
• Classical psychoanaly c theory: recognized the sexuality of children from infancy, dividing
sexuality in infants and toddlers to oral, anal, phallic and early genital phases.
• early adolescence (12-14): desire to join peer groups that are o en idealized and exert a
powerful in uence over the adolescent
• middle adolescence (15-17): importance of peer groups increase further
• Late adolescence (18-22): high quality friendships
• 11 fases
Graaf: Samenva ng Seks onder je 25e:
• Jongeren beginnen steeds later aan seksuele ac viteiten (druk om goede keuzes te maken)
• Condoomgebruik neemt sterk af maar niet meer SOA’s
flfiti fi ti fl tti
tt ti ti tititi ff ti ti ti
ttiti ti titi titi ftti ff ti ti titi fi
, Lecture 2a:
Caruso: Do hormones in uence women's sex? Sexual ac vity over the menstrual cycle
• There is a change of sexual ac vity frequency throughout the menstrual cycle
• Woman having a partner have more sex on Saturday → without a partner more sex on
Monday un l Friday and on Sunday
• Couples are more a ected by psychosocial factors more than single women
• Women without a partner showed an evident increase of sexual ac vity during the
ovula on phase (fase rond de eisprong)
This sexual behavior of singles could be nearer to the biological model, more in uenced by
hormonal ac vi es than that of the women with a partner, on which the in uence of
psychosocial condi ons could limit the full ac vity of hormones.
• Posi ve correla on between the varia ons of sexual ac vity and steroids during the
menstrual cycle
• The fact that women with a partner reported fewer changes in their sexual ac vity could
reinforce the psychosocial in uence
• Sexual behavior includes an awareness of changes in the female cycle and considera on of
the likelihood of pregnancy
• Human female sexual behavior is strongly related to changes in the menstrual cycle. There
is s ll evidence that ovarian hormones a ect sexual mo va on in humans.
Van Anders: Testosterone and sexual desire in healthy women and men
• Women are also sensi ve for Testosterone
• Dyadic desire: wish to engage in sexual ac vity with another person and desire for in macy
with another person → Nega vely correlated with T
• Solitary desire: interest in engaging in in sexual behavior by oneself, may include wish to
refrain from in macy and sharing with others → Posi vely linked to T
3 Psychosocial domains are addressed:
1. The sexual-rela onal domain: rela onships, masturba on etc. linked to T
2. The stress-mood domain: about cor sol
3. The body-embodiment domain: body image etc → linked to T
• Behavioral;. not hormonal, variables were strongly linked to gender/sex di erences in
sexual desire
• Masturba on was somehow involved in the maintenance of desire and not only its
outcome
• Women certainly are subjected to more nega ve sexual standards than men
• T and desire were not linked in healthy men.
• T is not a signi cant predictor of gender/sex di erences in desire, but that masturba on
appeared to account for these di erences
Lecture 2B:
Vanwesenbeeck: Doing gender in sex and sex research
10 di cul es in treatment of gender in sex research:
1. Gender VS Sex
2. Gender and sexuality: Richardson stresses that the rela onship between gender and
sexuality is dynamic, uid, and unstable, although certainly pa erned as well
3. Preoccupa on with Di erence; in every research everybody wants to know the di erence
between sexes.
4. The evidence for di erence: Gender/sex di erences are o en exaggerated
titiffi
ti
titititi fitititi tiffff fltiff fl fltiti ffti ti ti fftiff titiff titititi tiftti tt ti fffl tifl ff titi
