5053FUN12Y
Fundamentals of Neuroscience
Partial exam 1
Expanded lecture notes
Femke te Dorsthorst
27-9-2022
,Inhoudsopgave
Course Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3
Partial exam learning keys: ................................................................................................................. 3
Partial exam 1 type of questions: ....................................................................................................... 4
Pre-chapter 22: Pre-Neurulation ............................................................................................................ 5
Werkcollege: ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Ch. 22: Neurulation ................................................................................................................................. 9
Neurulation ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Primitive streak ............................................................................................................................... 9
Primitive groove (primitieve groeve) .............................................................................................. 9
Development notochord (primitieve knoop) .................................................................................. 9
Developing nervous system .......................................................................................................... 10
Neural crest cells ........................................................................................................................... 11
Ventral side of the neural tube ..................................................................................................... 11
Dorsal side of the neural tube ...................................................................................................... 12
Neurulation (ectoderm) .................................................................................................................... 13
From the neural tube to the brain .................................................................................................... 14
Three segments............................................................................................................................. 14
Five segments ............................................................................................................................... 14
Ventricular system ........................................................................................................................ 16
Shaping the developing brain ........................................................................................................... 16
Inductive signalling........................................................................................................................ 16
Regional identity ........................................................................................................................... 19
Ch. 22: Failures in neurulation .............................................................................................................. 20
Coordinated expression of inductive signals: ................................................................................... 20
Shaping the developing brain ........................................................................................................... 21
Proliferation in the developing brain ................................................................................................ 21
From neural precursor cells .......................................................................................................... 21
Molecular regulation of neurogenesis .......................................................................................... 22
Building the cortex: ....................................................................................................................... 23
Neurogenesis ................................................................................................................................ 25
Neuroanatomy ...................................................................................................................................... 27
History of neuroanatomy .................................................................................................................. 27
The human brain ............................................................................................................................... 28
Ventriculair system ....................................................................................................................... 28
4 Lobes: ......................................................................................................................................... 29
1
, Gyri & Sulci .................................................................................................................................... 29
The Brain is fulnerable: ..................................................................................................................... 30
The white matter .............................................................................................................................. 30
The fibers: ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Transport in the neurons .............................................................................................................. 35
Neuroanatomy 2 ................................................................................................................................... 35
Neurons & Glia .................................................................................................................................. 35
Neuron classification......................................................................................................................... 35
Golgi vs Cajal – neurons .................................................................................................................... 36
The prototypical neuron ................................................................................................................... 36
Dendrite ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Axon .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Types of synapses ......................................................................................................................... 37
The cytoskeleton ........................................................................................................................... 37
Learning by doing:............................................................................................................................. 38
Glia cells ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Areas that should be familiar ............................................................................................................ 41
Human anatomy vs Rat anatomy .................................................................................................. 44
Three cranial meninges: ................................................................................................................ 46
Spinal cord......................................................................................................................................... 46
Blood-brain barrier ........................................................................................................................... 48
Substance transport ...................................................................................................................... 49
Calculate the three coordinates of the red star in the brain section below: ................................... 50
Exam questions: ................................................................................................................................ 52
Neuroanatomy 3 ................................................................................................................................... 53
Circuit ................................................................................................................................................ 53
Emotion in the brain circuits ......................................................................................................... 53
Prefrontal cortex ............................................................................................................................... 53
The modulators of brain activity ....................................................................................................... 55
1. Acetylcholine......................................................................................................................... 55
2. Catecholamines ..................................................................................................................... 55
3. Serotine ................................................................................................................................. 59
2
, Course Introduction
5-9-2022
Not a clinical neuroscience course, no talks about therapies.
Python coderen → start now
Hoorcollege worden niet opgenomen.
Practicals cognitieve neurobiology EEG: design a task
- Priming
Do the assignment and the work on canvas then you know what to expect for the exams.
Partial exam learning keys:
Book Chapters, Purves, Neuroscience, 6th international edition:
• Studying the nervous system, Chapter 1.
• Early Brain development, Chapter 22.
o including Canvas module
o Orientation in the brain assignment
• Appendix
o Overview
o Neuroanatomical terminology
o Basic subdivisions of the central nervous system
o External anatomy of the spinal cord
o Internal anatomy of the spinal cord
o Lateral surface of the brain
o Dorsal and ventral surfaces of the brain
o Mid-sagittal surface of the brain
o Internal anatomy of the forebrain
o The blood-brain barrier
o The meninges
o The ventricular system
Neuroanatomy Labs
• Lab 1: microanatomy
o including lecture
• Lab 2: microanatomy
o including lecture
• Lab 3: modulators
o including lecture
All Lectures and workgroup material
Your Subareas lectures
3
Fundamentals of Neuroscience
Partial exam 1
Expanded lecture notes
Femke te Dorsthorst
27-9-2022
,Inhoudsopgave
Course Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3
Partial exam learning keys: ................................................................................................................. 3
Partial exam 1 type of questions: ....................................................................................................... 4
Pre-chapter 22: Pre-Neurulation ............................................................................................................ 5
Werkcollege: ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Ch. 22: Neurulation ................................................................................................................................. 9
Neurulation ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Primitive streak ............................................................................................................................... 9
Primitive groove (primitieve groeve) .............................................................................................. 9
Development notochord (primitieve knoop) .................................................................................. 9
Developing nervous system .......................................................................................................... 10
Neural crest cells ........................................................................................................................... 11
Ventral side of the neural tube ..................................................................................................... 11
Dorsal side of the neural tube ...................................................................................................... 12
Neurulation (ectoderm) .................................................................................................................... 13
From the neural tube to the brain .................................................................................................... 14
Three segments............................................................................................................................. 14
Five segments ............................................................................................................................... 14
Ventricular system ........................................................................................................................ 16
Shaping the developing brain ........................................................................................................... 16
Inductive signalling........................................................................................................................ 16
Regional identity ........................................................................................................................... 19
Ch. 22: Failures in neurulation .............................................................................................................. 20
Coordinated expression of inductive signals: ................................................................................... 20
Shaping the developing brain ........................................................................................................... 21
Proliferation in the developing brain ................................................................................................ 21
From neural precursor cells .......................................................................................................... 21
Molecular regulation of neurogenesis .......................................................................................... 22
Building the cortex: ....................................................................................................................... 23
Neurogenesis ................................................................................................................................ 25
Neuroanatomy ...................................................................................................................................... 27
History of neuroanatomy .................................................................................................................. 27
The human brain ............................................................................................................................... 28
Ventriculair system ....................................................................................................................... 28
4 Lobes: ......................................................................................................................................... 29
1
, Gyri & Sulci .................................................................................................................................... 29
The Brain is fulnerable: ..................................................................................................................... 30
The white matter .............................................................................................................................. 30
The fibers: ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Transport in the neurons .............................................................................................................. 35
Neuroanatomy 2 ................................................................................................................................... 35
Neurons & Glia .................................................................................................................................. 35
Neuron classification......................................................................................................................... 35
Golgi vs Cajal – neurons .................................................................................................................... 36
The prototypical neuron ................................................................................................................... 36
Dendrite ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Axon .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Types of synapses ......................................................................................................................... 37
The cytoskeleton ........................................................................................................................... 37
Learning by doing:............................................................................................................................. 38
Glia cells ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Areas that should be familiar ............................................................................................................ 41
Human anatomy vs Rat anatomy .................................................................................................. 44
Three cranial meninges: ................................................................................................................ 46
Spinal cord......................................................................................................................................... 46
Blood-brain barrier ........................................................................................................................... 48
Substance transport ...................................................................................................................... 49
Calculate the three coordinates of the red star in the brain section below: ................................... 50
Exam questions: ................................................................................................................................ 52
Neuroanatomy 3 ................................................................................................................................... 53
Circuit ................................................................................................................................................ 53
Emotion in the brain circuits ......................................................................................................... 53
Prefrontal cortex ............................................................................................................................... 53
The modulators of brain activity ....................................................................................................... 55
1. Acetylcholine......................................................................................................................... 55
2. Catecholamines ..................................................................................................................... 55
3. Serotine ................................................................................................................................. 59
2
, Course Introduction
5-9-2022
Not a clinical neuroscience course, no talks about therapies.
Python coderen → start now
Hoorcollege worden niet opgenomen.
Practicals cognitieve neurobiology EEG: design a task
- Priming
Do the assignment and the work on canvas then you know what to expect for the exams.
Partial exam learning keys:
Book Chapters, Purves, Neuroscience, 6th international edition:
• Studying the nervous system, Chapter 1.
• Early Brain development, Chapter 22.
o including Canvas module
o Orientation in the brain assignment
• Appendix
o Overview
o Neuroanatomical terminology
o Basic subdivisions of the central nervous system
o External anatomy of the spinal cord
o Internal anatomy of the spinal cord
o Lateral surface of the brain
o Dorsal and ventral surfaces of the brain
o Mid-sagittal surface of the brain
o Internal anatomy of the forebrain
o The blood-brain barrier
o The meninges
o The ventricular system
Neuroanatomy Labs
• Lab 1: microanatomy
o including lecture
• Lab 2: microanatomy
o including lecture
• Lab 3: modulators
o including lecture
All Lectures and workgroup material
Your Subareas lectures
3
