PHRM30002 - Glia Exam Study Guide
Microglia are immune cells, Astrocytes affect synapses and cover endothelium,
Oligodendrocytes wrap neurons to form myelin sheath - Answer What are three major
types of glia and what do they do?
Directly modulate neuronal function - Answer Not only can the glia support neurons,
what else do they do?
Damage may lead to demyelination, affecting ap propogation and thus CNS function -
Answer How can oligodendrocytes be so core to CNS function?
Can alter phenotype to change release of chemo/cytokines, there are multitude of pro
and anti inflammatory phentypes - Answer What do microglia often do in response to
stimuli? What complicates the targetting of this?
Synaptic pruning by phagocytosis of neurons, can be excessively done in disease -
Answer What is the main process of microglia? What often goes wrong with this in
disease?
Can release pro-inflammatory cytokines - Answer Like microglia, how can astrocytes
promote inflammation?
Form astrocyte neuron shuttles, to control what is transferred to neurons - Answer What
is the main structure astrocytes make? What is the function of this?
Glutamate which it metabolises into glutamine before sending back to neurons, Glucose
from blood into lactate to neurons - Answer What is the main NT astrocytes uptake?
How do they control energy supplies of neurons?
Produces antioxidant peptide glutathione, it releases this which is broken down into aa
which can be taken up by neuron to reproduce glutathione as part of antioxidant action -
Answer How can astrocytes control antioxidative control of neurons?
Most at risk gene mutations for AD are glial genes, APOE an astrocyte gene - Answer
What is really strong evidence AD is a result of glial malfunction? A specific example of a
gene?
e4 allele, one increases risk 3-4 times, double increases 12 times - Answer What is the
key allele of APOE that increases AD incidence? How much does it increase risk?
Lower incidence genes often have a higher risk of AD development - Answer What is the
relationship between incidence of mutations and disease risk of AD?
Completely removed formation of plaque - Answer Interesting discovery regarding
mouse brain microglia ablation concerning AD disease?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, super oxide dismutase mutation, no change in control
Microglia are immune cells, Astrocytes affect synapses and cover endothelium,
Oligodendrocytes wrap neurons to form myelin sheath - Answer What are three major
types of glia and what do they do?
Directly modulate neuronal function - Answer Not only can the glia support neurons,
what else do they do?
Damage may lead to demyelination, affecting ap propogation and thus CNS function -
Answer How can oligodendrocytes be so core to CNS function?
Can alter phenotype to change release of chemo/cytokines, there are multitude of pro
and anti inflammatory phentypes - Answer What do microglia often do in response to
stimuli? What complicates the targetting of this?
Synaptic pruning by phagocytosis of neurons, can be excessively done in disease -
Answer What is the main process of microglia? What often goes wrong with this in
disease?
Can release pro-inflammatory cytokines - Answer Like microglia, how can astrocytes
promote inflammation?
Form astrocyte neuron shuttles, to control what is transferred to neurons - Answer What
is the main structure astrocytes make? What is the function of this?
Glutamate which it metabolises into glutamine before sending back to neurons, Glucose
from blood into lactate to neurons - Answer What is the main NT astrocytes uptake?
How do they control energy supplies of neurons?
Produces antioxidant peptide glutathione, it releases this which is broken down into aa
which can be taken up by neuron to reproduce glutathione as part of antioxidant action -
Answer How can astrocytes control antioxidative control of neurons?
Most at risk gene mutations for AD are glial genes, APOE an astrocyte gene - Answer
What is really strong evidence AD is a result of glial malfunction? A specific example of a
gene?
e4 allele, one increases risk 3-4 times, double increases 12 times - Answer What is the
key allele of APOE that increases AD incidence? How much does it increase risk?
Lower incidence genes often have a higher risk of AD development - Answer What is the
relationship between incidence of mutations and disease risk of AD?
Completely removed formation of plaque - Answer Interesting discovery regarding
mouse brain microglia ablation concerning AD disease?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, super oxide dismutase mutation, no change in control
