COM3000 Final Test With
Verified Solutions
Criteria for causation - Answer 1. IV before DV; 2. IV + DV must "covary"; 3. Changes in
DV must be a result in the IV, no extraneous variables
Full/True Experiments - Answer Highest control; manipulate IV, randomly assigned
groups, equivalent groups
Quasi Experiments - Answer Moderate Control; manipulate or observe IV, not randomly
assigned
Pre-Experiments - Answer Lowest Control, manipulate/observe IV, not randomly
assigned groups, no comparison
Designs under Full Experiment - Answer Pretest-Posttest, Solomon Four, Prost-test
Pretest-Posttest Control Group - Answer Measure DV before/after exposure to IV,
control group for comparison, but may sensitize participants
Solomon Four - Answer "Wisest" - 1 treatment + 1 control has pretest/posttest, while
other only has posttest. Compare treatment groups to check for sensitization
One-Shot Case Study - Answer no control group; only posttest -- most common in
communication
One group pretest - posttest - Answer no control group; measure DV before/after
experiment; looking for change in DV
Types of Pre-Experimental Designs - Answer One-Shot, One group Pretest-Posttest,
Static Group Pretest-Posttest
Static Control Prettest-Posttest - Answer has control group but not equivalent with
treatment group, measure DV only after experiment, want change in treatment group
only
Factors - Answer Each IV if more than on... categories
Designs - Answer Full, quasi, or pre
Main effect - Answer change in DV caused by 1 factor (IV)
Interaction effect - Answer Change in DV caused by 2+ factors in combination
Design Statement - Answer # of factor levels (# of categories per IV) separated by
multiplication sign
, Cells - Answer # found from design statement - must have subjects in each cell
In nominal data, only __ can be used - Answer mode
In ordinal data, ___ ___ ___ can be used - Answer mode, median, and range
Z-score - Answer How many SD's a raw score is above/below the mean
Frequency Tables - Answer how often categories occurred; hashmarks; absolute
frequencies; relative frequencies
Use of frequency tables - Answer comparing frequencies or illustrating curve
Use of pie chart - Answer Shows difference between groups
Use for line graphs - Answer showing changes in groups at 2+ points in time and
between groups
Use for bar charts - Answer showing differences between groups, multiple IVs
Use for frequency histogram - Answer illustrating frequency of larger measurement
scale, survey with larger number of frequencies
Use for frequency polygon - Answer illustrating frequency of larger measurement or
frequencies
Estimation (inferential statistics) - Answer Generalizing from sample to population mean
Significance Testing - Answer Determining probabilities/likelihood of
differences/relationships
Standard Distributions - Answer bell shaped, symmetrical, MMM are all at same point
Non-normal - Answer Skewness (scores on one side); Kurtosis (peaked); Flat
Confidence Level - Answer degree of assurance that sample mean represents
population mean, written as a % that we choose
Confidence Interval - Answer range of scores associated with the selected confidence
level
Null hypothesis - Answer assumption- prediction of no difference/relationship.
Represents change.
P - Answer probability
Sig level we test - Answer .05
Statistical power - Answer to increase, use more sensitive test, make one-tailed, collect
larger sample
Differences - Answer Do categories differ on ordered DV; Do categories differ by other
Verified Solutions
Criteria for causation - Answer 1. IV before DV; 2. IV + DV must "covary"; 3. Changes in
DV must be a result in the IV, no extraneous variables
Full/True Experiments - Answer Highest control; manipulate IV, randomly assigned
groups, equivalent groups
Quasi Experiments - Answer Moderate Control; manipulate or observe IV, not randomly
assigned
Pre-Experiments - Answer Lowest Control, manipulate/observe IV, not randomly
assigned groups, no comparison
Designs under Full Experiment - Answer Pretest-Posttest, Solomon Four, Prost-test
Pretest-Posttest Control Group - Answer Measure DV before/after exposure to IV,
control group for comparison, but may sensitize participants
Solomon Four - Answer "Wisest" - 1 treatment + 1 control has pretest/posttest, while
other only has posttest. Compare treatment groups to check for sensitization
One-Shot Case Study - Answer no control group; only posttest -- most common in
communication
One group pretest - posttest - Answer no control group; measure DV before/after
experiment; looking for change in DV
Types of Pre-Experimental Designs - Answer One-Shot, One group Pretest-Posttest,
Static Group Pretest-Posttest
Static Control Prettest-Posttest - Answer has control group but not equivalent with
treatment group, measure DV only after experiment, want change in treatment group
only
Factors - Answer Each IV if more than on... categories
Designs - Answer Full, quasi, or pre
Main effect - Answer change in DV caused by 1 factor (IV)
Interaction effect - Answer Change in DV caused by 2+ factors in combination
Design Statement - Answer # of factor levels (# of categories per IV) separated by
multiplication sign
, Cells - Answer # found from design statement - must have subjects in each cell
In nominal data, only __ can be used - Answer mode
In ordinal data, ___ ___ ___ can be used - Answer mode, median, and range
Z-score - Answer How many SD's a raw score is above/below the mean
Frequency Tables - Answer how often categories occurred; hashmarks; absolute
frequencies; relative frequencies
Use of frequency tables - Answer comparing frequencies or illustrating curve
Use of pie chart - Answer Shows difference between groups
Use for line graphs - Answer showing changes in groups at 2+ points in time and
between groups
Use for bar charts - Answer showing differences between groups, multiple IVs
Use for frequency histogram - Answer illustrating frequency of larger measurement
scale, survey with larger number of frequencies
Use for frequency polygon - Answer illustrating frequency of larger measurement or
frequencies
Estimation (inferential statistics) - Answer Generalizing from sample to population mean
Significance Testing - Answer Determining probabilities/likelihood of
differences/relationships
Standard Distributions - Answer bell shaped, symmetrical, MMM are all at same point
Non-normal - Answer Skewness (scores on one side); Kurtosis (peaked); Flat
Confidence Level - Answer degree of assurance that sample mean represents
population mean, written as a % that we choose
Confidence Interval - Answer range of scores associated with the selected confidence
level
Null hypothesis - Answer assumption- prediction of no difference/relationship.
Represents change.
P - Answer probability
Sig level we test - Answer .05
Statistical power - Answer to increase, use more sensitive test, make one-tailed, collect
larger sample
Differences - Answer Do categories differ on ordered DV; Do categories differ by other
