ORGB 1105 - Final Exam
Name 5 Problem Identification Challenges - correct answer ✔-stakeholder
framing
-perceptual defense
-mental models
-decisive leadership style
-solution-based problems
Define some key differences between rational choice paradigm assumptions
and observations from ORGB - correct answer ✔Rational choice believes ppl
consider all options, consider them simultaneously, choose option with highest
SEU, and that the goal is agreed upon etc.
Define escalation of commitment - correct answer ✔Tendency to repeat an
apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of
action
Name four main causes of escalation of commitment - correct answer ✔1.
Self-justification
2. Self-enhancement
3. Prospect theory effect (feel worse when losing)
4. Sunk costs
Define the stages of the creative process - correct answer ✔1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Verification
,Describe some characteristics of creative work environments - correct answer
✔-learning orientation (encourage experimentation and tolerate mistakes)
-intrinsically motivating work (task significance, autonomy and feedback)
-open communication and sufficient resources
Explain the model of power in organizations - correct answer ✔Sources of
power lead to power over others (influenced by contingencies of power)
Describe legitimate power - correct answer ✔Agreement that ppl in certain
roles can request certain behaviours of others
Describe reward power - correct answer ✔Ability to control the allocation of
resources valued by others and to remove negative sanctions
Describe coercive power - correct answer ✔Ability to apply punishment
Define expert power - correct answer ✔Capacity to influence others by
possessing knowledge or skills that they value
Define referent power - correct answer ✔Occurs when others identify with,
like or otherwise respect the person
Explain the cycle of power - correct answer ✔Use of power elevates self-
esteem -> access to power increases probability that it will be used -> the
more power is used the more the powerholder believes they are in control ->
as the powerholders take credit they view the target as less worthy
, List and describe the contingencies of power - correct answer ✔-
substitutability (availability of alternatives)
-centrality (interdependence bw powerholder and others)
-discretion (freedom to exercise power)
-visibility (symbols communicate power)
Name some types of influence - correct answer ✔-silent authority
-assertiveness
-information control
-coalition formation
-upward appeal
-persuasion
-integration/impression management
-exchange
Name the hard influence tactics and compare them to the soft influence
tactics - correct answer ✔Hard: silent authority, upward appeal, coalition
formation, info control, assertiveness
Soft: persuasion, integrate/imp manag, exchange
Hard are used for resistance and compliance stages, soft used for compliance
and commitment phases.
Name the 4 conditions for organizational politics - correct answer ✔1.
Tolerance of politics
2. Scarce resources
3. Complex and ambiguous decisions
Name 5 Problem Identification Challenges - correct answer ✔-stakeholder
framing
-perceptual defense
-mental models
-decisive leadership style
-solution-based problems
Define some key differences between rational choice paradigm assumptions
and observations from ORGB - correct answer ✔Rational choice believes ppl
consider all options, consider them simultaneously, choose option with highest
SEU, and that the goal is agreed upon etc.
Define escalation of commitment - correct answer ✔Tendency to repeat an
apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of
action
Name four main causes of escalation of commitment - correct answer ✔1.
Self-justification
2. Self-enhancement
3. Prospect theory effect (feel worse when losing)
4. Sunk costs
Define the stages of the creative process - correct answer ✔1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Verification
,Describe some characteristics of creative work environments - correct answer
✔-learning orientation (encourage experimentation and tolerate mistakes)
-intrinsically motivating work (task significance, autonomy and feedback)
-open communication and sufficient resources
Explain the model of power in organizations - correct answer ✔Sources of
power lead to power over others (influenced by contingencies of power)
Describe legitimate power - correct answer ✔Agreement that ppl in certain
roles can request certain behaviours of others
Describe reward power - correct answer ✔Ability to control the allocation of
resources valued by others and to remove negative sanctions
Describe coercive power - correct answer ✔Ability to apply punishment
Define expert power - correct answer ✔Capacity to influence others by
possessing knowledge or skills that they value
Define referent power - correct answer ✔Occurs when others identify with,
like or otherwise respect the person
Explain the cycle of power - correct answer ✔Use of power elevates self-
esteem -> access to power increases probability that it will be used -> the
more power is used the more the powerholder believes they are in control ->
as the powerholders take credit they view the target as less worthy
, List and describe the contingencies of power - correct answer ✔-
substitutability (availability of alternatives)
-centrality (interdependence bw powerholder and others)
-discretion (freedom to exercise power)
-visibility (symbols communicate power)
Name some types of influence - correct answer ✔-silent authority
-assertiveness
-information control
-coalition formation
-upward appeal
-persuasion
-integration/impression management
-exchange
Name the hard influence tactics and compare them to the soft influence
tactics - correct answer ✔Hard: silent authority, upward appeal, coalition
formation, info control, assertiveness
Soft: persuasion, integrate/imp manag, exchange
Hard are used for resistance and compliance stages, soft used for compliance
and commitment phases.
Name the 4 conditions for organizational politics - correct answer ✔1.
Tolerance of politics
2. Scarce resources
3. Complex and ambiguous decisions
