SPCE 316 Quizzes
A study was undertaken to determine the effects of amount of study time on test performance.
In this case, what type of variable is the amount of study time? - ANS independent
Follow-up phases should be given a letter notation. - ANS False (pg 12)
In single-subject research, letter notations stand for: - ANS study phases
How is the independent variable represented on an x-y graph? - ANS labels on phases
What did J. B. Watson urges psychologists to focus their study on? - ANS observable behavior
Baer emphasized that procedures in a study should be described in a way that: - ANS
experimental methods can be clearly compared.
Good technical descriptions of study procedures are necessary to ensure that research can be
replicated. - ANS True
Which of the following is a type of variable? - ANS independent
The purpose of the follow-up phase in an investigation is to: - ANS determine whether the
effects of the independent variable will continue
Which of the following elements may NOT be found on an x-y graph? - ANS description of
independent variables
The x-axis on a graph usually represents: - ANS time
Which of the following are reasons that baseline data are gathered before implementing the
independent variable? - ANS Important aspects of the dependent variable and its environment
may be revealed (pg 8)
The term subjects is preferred over the term participants by many current researchers. - ANS
False
A notation indicating a combination of letters can take which of the following forms? - ANS a
combination intervention
What are the three areas that Baer noted that research on socially significant behavior would
be? (select all that apply) - ANS applied, behavioral, analytical
,Brain development is simultaneous with cultural development. - ANS True (pg 40)
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? - ANS A child does not have to
do chores for a week because she improved her grades this term. (pg 24)
Which of the following is NOT among the basic principles of operant conditioning when
reinforcement is used? - ANS The researcher decides which consequences will be reinforcing
(pg 22)
Punishment should usually be used to decrease behavior. - ANS False (pg 33)
What does a reinforcer menu consist of? - ANS stimuli that are reinforcing for a certain
individual (pg 27)
At what point does a stimulus that has been reinforcing no longer work as a reinforcer? - ANS
satiation (pg 28)
Which of the following is NOT a level of culture identified by Hammond? - ANS ethnic (pg 40)
On what assumption does extinction rely? - ANS A behavior will decrease when it is not
rewarded (pg 36)
The Premack Principle may not work if: - ANS the individual can do the preferred activity
anyway. (pg 26)
Which of the following is NOT a form of differential reinforcement? - ANS differential
reinforcement of discriminative behavior (pg 38)
Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement schedules? - ANS generalized
Positive reinforcement means something that something good will occur. - ANS False (pg 23)
Simple restitution means: - ANS behavior that restores the environment.
Shaping behavior may be necessary when: - ANS the target behavior cannot be reached in one
step. (pg 26)
Which of the following are among the steps recommended by Hall and Hall to select
reinforcers? - ANS identify reinforcing activities based on the Premack Principle (pg 27)
Event-based interobserver agreement is determined on the basis of whether a behavior occurs
or not. - ANS True (pg 51)
, What do operational definitions provide? - ANS a way to describe behavior that cannot be
directly observed (pg 48)
When selecting methods of measurement and data collection, the most important factor to
consider is: - ANS the data collection method that is most suited to explaining what happened
in the study.
For which of the following measurement needs would duration recording be most appropriate? -
ANS how long a student is able to spend on-task
What is a typical disadvantage in using permanent products for measurement? - ANS The
behavior is not actually observed. (pg 60)
What is measured in frequency recording? - ANS the number of behaviors (pg 51)
Which of the following does data-based individualization (DBI) involve? - ANS adapting
interventions (pg 71)
Which of the following is NOT among the factors that differentiate procedures for recording
behavior? - ANS the equipment that is used (pg 51)
Trials to criterion recording are often used in task analysis. - ANS True (pg 66)
Interobserver agreement in interval recording is best calculated by comparing each interval. -
ANS True (pg 55)
Which of the following are quantities that event-based recording methods measure? - ANS rate
(pg 53)
Which of the following is NOT among the principles involved in intensive academic intervention
programs? - ANS massed trial practice
In cumulative recording, occurrences in an observation period are graphed: - ANS after being
added to the total up to that point. (pg 67)
Which of the following is a practice included in Tier 2 interventions? - ANS progress monitoring
to determine effectiveness of interventions (pg 73)
In what circumstance would the goal be to increase latency time? - ANS when the target
behavior is to wait before responding to an antecedent stimulus
What does the educational significance of results refer to? - ANS real-world effects (pg 95)
A study was undertaken to determine the effects of amount of study time on test performance.
In this case, what type of variable is the amount of study time? - ANS independent
Follow-up phases should be given a letter notation. - ANS False (pg 12)
In single-subject research, letter notations stand for: - ANS study phases
How is the independent variable represented on an x-y graph? - ANS labels on phases
What did J. B. Watson urges psychologists to focus their study on? - ANS observable behavior
Baer emphasized that procedures in a study should be described in a way that: - ANS
experimental methods can be clearly compared.
Good technical descriptions of study procedures are necessary to ensure that research can be
replicated. - ANS True
Which of the following is a type of variable? - ANS independent
The purpose of the follow-up phase in an investigation is to: - ANS determine whether the
effects of the independent variable will continue
Which of the following elements may NOT be found on an x-y graph? - ANS description of
independent variables
The x-axis on a graph usually represents: - ANS time
Which of the following are reasons that baseline data are gathered before implementing the
independent variable? - ANS Important aspects of the dependent variable and its environment
may be revealed (pg 8)
The term subjects is preferred over the term participants by many current researchers. - ANS
False
A notation indicating a combination of letters can take which of the following forms? - ANS a
combination intervention
What are the three areas that Baer noted that research on socially significant behavior would
be? (select all that apply) - ANS applied, behavioral, analytical
,Brain development is simultaneous with cultural development. - ANS True (pg 40)
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? - ANS A child does not have to
do chores for a week because she improved her grades this term. (pg 24)
Which of the following is NOT among the basic principles of operant conditioning when
reinforcement is used? - ANS The researcher decides which consequences will be reinforcing
(pg 22)
Punishment should usually be used to decrease behavior. - ANS False (pg 33)
What does a reinforcer menu consist of? - ANS stimuli that are reinforcing for a certain
individual (pg 27)
At what point does a stimulus that has been reinforcing no longer work as a reinforcer? - ANS
satiation (pg 28)
Which of the following is NOT a level of culture identified by Hammond? - ANS ethnic (pg 40)
On what assumption does extinction rely? - ANS A behavior will decrease when it is not
rewarded (pg 36)
The Premack Principle may not work if: - ANS the individual can do the preferred activity
anyway. (pg 26)
Which of the following is NOT a form of differential reinforcement? - ANS differential
reinforcement of discriminative behavior (pg 38)
Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement schedules? - ANS generalized
Positive reinforcement means something that something good will occur. - ANS False (pg 23)
Simple restitution means: - ANS behavior that restores the environment.
Shaping behavior may be necessary when: - ANS the target behavior cannot be reached in one
step. (pg 26)
Which of the following are among the steps recommended by Hall and Hall to select
reinforcers? - ANS identify reinforcing activities based on the Premack Principle (pg 27)
Event-based interobserver agreement is determined on the basis of whether a behavior occurs
or not. - ANS True (pg 51)
, What do operational definitions provide? - ANS a way to describe behavior that cannot be
directly observed (pg 48)
When selecting methods of measurement and data collection, the most important factor to
consider is: - ANS the data collection method that is most suited to explaining what happened
in the study.
For which of the following measurement needs would duration recording be most appropriate? -
ANS how long a student is able to spend on-task
What is a typical disadvantage in using permanent products for measurement? - ANS The
behavior is not actually observed. (pg 60)
What is measured in frequency recording? - ANS the number of behaviors (pg 51)
Which of the following does data-based individualization (DBI) involve? - ANS adapting
interventions (pg 71)
Which of the following is NOT among the factors that differentiate procedures for recording
behavior? - ANS the equipment that is used (pg 51)
Trials to criterion recording are often used in task analysis. - ANS True (pg 66)
Interobserver agreement in interval recording is best calculated by comparing each interval. -
ANS True (pg 55)
Which of the following are quantities that event-based recording methods measure? - ANS rate
(pg 53)
Which of the following is NOT among the principles involved in intensive academic intervention
programs? - ANS massed trial practice
In cumulative recording, occurrences in an observation period are graphed: - ANS after being
added to the total up to that point. (pg 67)
Which of the following is a practice included in Tier 2 interventions? - ANS progress monitoring
to determine effectiveness of interventions (pg 73)
In what circumstance would the goal be to increase latency time? - ANS when the target
behavior is to wait before responding to an antecedent stimulus
What does the educational significance of results refer to? - ANS real-world effects (pg 95)
