Praxis Art Content 5134 Study Guide Exam
Terms.
Elements of Art - Correct answer Shape, color, form, texture, space, line, and value
(Sam Couldn't Find the Small Lily Vase)
Principles of design - Correct answer Emphasis, unity, contrast, rhythm, balance,
pattern, and movement
(Elephants Unfortunately Can't Rap, but Pigs Might)
Elements and principles: 2D vs. 3D - Correct answer 2D: Implied texture, space refers
to composition
3D: Real texture, space refers to how the artist uses the space in 3D, form describes
the shape of the artwork (width, depth, and height)
Texture - Correct answer can be real or implied
Shapes - Correct answer can be geometric or organic
Line - Correct answer can be straight, broken, curved, implied, free-form
Space - Correct answer can refer to foreground, middle ground, background, positive
space (subject), negative space (area around subject)
Form - Correct answer Used in 3D art to describe the shape of the artwork
Balance - Correct answer can be symmetrical or asymmetrical
Contrast - Correct answer when elements are juxtaposed to create interesting
differences (not just color)
Movement - Correct answer Uses elements to lead viewer throughout the piece
Emphasis - Correct answer creates a focal point
Pattern - Correct answer Repeats elements in the same order
Rhythm - Correct answer Repeats elements without a specific order
Unity - Correct answer Harmony created by elements working together
Example - Correct answer Piet Mondrian mainly uses color, line, and shape in
Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue (1927). The Starry Night by van Gogh uses
several principles, including contrast, emphasis, balance, and movement.
,Relationship of elements to principles - Correct answer the elements are the building
blocks of visual art, and the principles are ways to organize those elements. Artists can
use some or all to create their artwork, explain their artistic decisions, or analyze
another artist's artwork. These are "established criteria that are used to objectively
judge artwork."
Golden mean/ golden ratio - Correct answer Term used to describe how elements within
a piece of art can be placed in the most aesthetically pleasing way, based on math
Approximately 1 to 1.618
Hierarchical organization - Correct answer artist uses unnatural proportion or scale to
depict the relative importance of the figures in the artwork
Perspective - Correct answer art technique for creating an illusion of 3D (depth and
space) on a 2D (flat) surface
Viewpoint - Correct answer the position from where you view the scene
Horizon Line - Correct answer the imaginary horizontal line in the distance that is eye
level
Vanishing Lines - Correct answer Lines that come together (converge) at the vanishing
point.
One point perspective - Correct answer one vanishing point along the horizon line
Two point perspective - Correct answer two vanishing points on the horizon line
Foreshortening - Correct answer Use of distortion to create the illusion of an object
extending into space
Atmospheric Perspective - Correct answer the effect of distance or atmosphere shown
through haziness or changes in color
Juxtaposition - Correct answer placing two things closely together to emphasize
similarities or differences
Appropriation - Correct answer Using pre-existing objects or images with little or no
transformation
Transformation - Correct answer some artists take every day or found objects and
transform them into something new
, Clay dust - Correct answer Contains silica and respiratory toxins that are too fine and
heavy to be expelled from the lungs. To avoid lung damage, use only wet cleaning
methods and wear a mask
Glaze hazards - Correct answer some glazes may have lead in them, which is
hazardous to breathe, eat, or fire. Uranium is also toxic. Additional materials can have
dangerous fumes or particles from normal use or from being fired.
Toxic materials include antimony oxide, barium of any form, beryllium, borax, cadmium,
selenium, cobalt, colemanite or greatly borate, copper, chromium, luster preparations,
manganese, nickel, potassium dichromate, vanadium, zinc, sulfides, chlorides,
fluorides, and to a lesser extent carbonates.
Kiln dangers - Correct answer 1. Kilns need to be tested to make sure they are
ventilating correctly in classrooms.
2. Avoid storage of flammable materials near kilns.
3. If the lid latch fails for any reason, the lid falls shut and could injure the person
loading the kiln.
4. Staring into a white hot kiln to see the cones may damage the eyes.
Lead pigments - Correct answer Used in some paints and glazes, but is hazardous
Safety label information: Under 12-years-old - Correct answer 1. Children have a higher
risk from chemicals and exposure, so only buy non-toxic supplies intended for children.
2. Don't use products with cautionary/warning labels.
3. Avoid solvents, solvent-based supplies, and materials in self-pressurized containers.
5. Avoid acids, alkalis, bleaches, or corrosives.
6. Avoid products or processes that produce airborne dusts which can be inhaled.
7. Avoid old supplies, unlabeled supplies, and be wary of donated supplies with
cautionary/warning labels and that do not contain the statement "Conforms to ASTM
D4236."
8. Avoid materials with lead, cadmium and other heavy metals.
9. Avoid high-temperature hot glue guns; use low temperature models.
10. Pay special attention to students with physical or mental challenges, visual or
hearing impairments, and asthma or allergies.
Avoiding accidental exposure - Correct answer 1. Wash hands and other exposed body
parts after working, and before eating or using the bathroom.
2. Avoid using toluene, turpentine, kerosene, or other solvents to clean your skin.
3. Use soap and water or baby oil or a skin cleanser.
4. Wash under fingernails. Keep nails trim and do not bite nails.
Flammable materials - Correct answer 1. Store flammable or combustible solvents in
fire safety cans in an OSHA-approved fireproof cabinet. Keep cabinet closed and
vented if required by local codes.
Terms.
Elements of Art - Correct answer Shape, color, form, texture, space, line, and value
(Sam Couldn't Find the Small Lily Vase)
Principles of design - Correct answer Emphasis, unity, contrast, rhythm, balance,
pattern, and movement
(Elephants Unfortunately Can't Rap, but Pigs Might)
Elements and principles: 2D vs. 3D - Correct answer 2D: Implied texture, space refers
to composition
3D: Real texture, space refers to how the artist uses the space in 3D, form describes
the shape of the artwork (width, depth, and height)
Texture - Correct answer can be real or implied
Shapes - Correct answer can be geometric or organic
Line - Correct answer can be straight, broken, curved, implied, free-form
Space - Correct answer can refer to foreground, middle ground, background, positive
space (subject), negative space (area around subject)
Form - Correct answer Used in 3D art to describe the shape of the artwork
Balance - Correct answer can be symmetrical or asymmetrical
Contrast - Correct answer when elements are juxtaposed to create interesting
differences (not just color)
Movement - Correct answer Uses elements to lead viewer throughout the piece
Emphasis - Correct answer creates a focal point
Pattern - Correct answer Repeats elements in the same order
Rhythm - Correct answer Repeats elements without a specific order
Unity - Correct answer Harmony created by elements working together
Example - Correct answer Piet Mondrian mainly uses color, line, and shape in
Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue (1927). The Starry Night by van Gogh uses
several principles, including contrast, emphasis, balance, and movement.
,Relationship of elements to principles - Correct answer the elements are the building
blocks of visual art, and the principles are ways to organize those elements. Artists can
use some or all to create their artwork, explain their artistic decisions, or analyze
another artist's artwork. These are "established criteria that are used to objectively
judge artwork."
Golden mean/ golden ratio - Correct answer Term used to describe how elements within
a piece of art can be placed in the most aesthetically pleasing way, based on math
Approximately 1 to 1.618
Hierarchical organization - Correct answer artist uses unnatural proportion or scale to
depict the relative importance of the figures in the artwork
Perspective - Correct answer art technique for creating an illusion of 3D (depth and
space) on a 2D (flat) surface
Viewpoint - Correct answer the position from where you view the scene
Horizon Line - Correct answer the imaginary horizontal line in the distance that is eye
level
Vanishing Lines - Correct answer Lines that come together (converge) at the vanishing
point.
One point perspective - Correct answer one vanishing point along the horizon line
Two point perspective - Correct answer two vanishing points on the horizon line
Foreshortening - Correct answer Use of distortion to create the illusion of an object
extending into space
Atmospheric Perspective - Correct answer the effect of distance or atmosphere shown
through haziness or changes in color
Juxtaposition - Correct answer placing two things closely together to emphasize
similarities or differences
Appropriation - Correct answer Using pre-existing objects or images with little or no
transformation
Transformation - Correct answer some artists take every day or found objects and
transform them into something new
, Clay dust - Correct answer Contains silica and respiratory toxins that are too fine and
heavy to be expelled from the lungs. To avoid lung damage, use only wet cleaning
methods and wear a mask
Glaze hazards - Correct answer some glazes may have lead in them, which is
hazardous to breathe, eat, or fire. Uranium is also toxic. Additional materials can have
dangerous fumes or particles from normal use or from being fired.
Toxic materials include antimony oxide, barium of any form, beryllium, borax, cadmium,
selenium, cobalt, colemanite or greatly borate, copper, chromium, luster preparations,
manganese, nickel, potassium dichromate, vanadium, zinc, sulfides, chlorides,
fluorides, and to a lesser extent carbonates.
Kiln dangers - Correct answer 1. Kilns need to be tested to make sure they are
ventilating correctly in classrooms.
2. Avoid storage of flammable materials near kilns.
3. If the lid latch fails for any reason, the lid falls shut and could injure the person
loading the kiln.
4. Staring into a white hot kiln to see the cones may damage the eyes.
Lead pigments - Correct answer Used in some paints and glazes, but is hazardous
Safety label information: Under 12-years-old - Correct answer 1. Children have a higher
risk from chemicals and exposure, so only buy non-toxic supplies intended for children.
2. Don't use products with cautionary/warning labels.
3. Avoid solvents, solvent-based supplies, and materials in self-pressurized containers.
5. Avoid acids, alkalis, bleaches, or corrosives.
6. Avoid products or processes that produce airborne dusts which can be inhaled.
7. Avoid old supplies, unlabeled supplies, and be wary of donated supplies with
cautionary/warning labels and that do not contain the statement "Conforms to ASTM
D4236."
8. Avoid materials with lead, cadmium and other heavy metals.
9. Avoid high-temperature hot glue guns; use low temperature models.
10. Pay special attention to students with physical or mental challenges, visual or
hearing impairments, and asthma or allergies.
Avoiding accidental exposure - Correct answer 1. Wash hands and other exposed body
parts after working, and before eating or using the bathroom.
2. Avoid using toluene, turpentine, kerosene, or other solvents to clean your skin.
3. Use soap and water or baby oil or a skin cleanser.
4. Wash under fingernails. Keep nails trim and do not bite nails.
Flammable materials - Correct answer 1. Store flammable or combustible solvents in
fire safety cans in an OSHA-approved fireproof cabinet. Keep cabinet closed and
vented if required by local codes.
