Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th
Edition Alberts Questions & Answers with rationales
(Chapter 1-24)
Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWER - Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm, aqueous environment
- DNA, genetic material
- Ribosomes, energy production
Unique to eukaryotes - ANSWER - Membrane-bound nucleus
- Defined organelles
- DNA kept inside nucleus
Unique to prokaryotes - ANSWER - Cell wall
- Unicellular always
- Circular DNA
- glycolysis
4 Places prokaryotes are found in the human body - ANSWER - Gut (alimentary
tract)
- Skin
- Urogenital system
- Respiratory tract
How do prokaryotes impact human health? - ANSWER - Symbiotic (health)
- Pathogenic (disease)
Positive effects of gut microbiome - ANSWER - Digestion, Nutrient supply, and
xenobiotic degradation
- Immune system maturation and function
- Brain development and behavior
- Protection and clearance from Pathogenic invasion
Negative effects of gut microbiome - ANSWER - Contributes to chronic kidney
diseases
- Metabolic syndromes like diabetes, obesity
- Gastro-intestinal disorders
- Colon cancer development
How many species are in the oral microbiome? - ANSWER Over 700
Hard surfaces in oral microbiome - ANSWER enamel and cementum
Soft tissue surfaces in oral microbiome - ANSWER Gingiva, tongue, palate
, Biofilm (polymicrobial biofilm / matrix) relevance to oral microbiome - ANSWER -
plaque biofilm
How many eukaryotic cells are in the human body? - ANSWER ~ 37 trillion
Function: Nucleus - ANSWER Genomic DNA, nuclear matrix proteins
Function: Nucleolus - ANSWER Within the nucleus, important for ribosome
biogenesis
Function: Mitochondrion - ANSWER Metabolic structure
Function: Lysosome - ANSWER Cellular breakdown
Function: Centriole - ANSWER Organize microtubules, cell division
Function: Golgi - ANSWER Protein modification and transport
Rough ER vs. Smooth ER - ANSWER Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER
does not.
Function: Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER Protein and lipid
biosynthesis
Function: Ribosome - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Function: Microtubule - ANSWER cytoskeleton
5 layers of histological tissues from skin side to buccal/cheek side (in order) -
ANSWER - Epidermis
- Dermis
- Muscle
- Submucosa
- Epithelium
True or false: Cells reside in a 3-dimensional environment - ANSWER True
True or false: all cells are relatively stationary - ANSWER False
Extracellular matrix (ECM) - ANSWER The material that exists between cells
Basement membrane definition - ANSWER The interface between cells (what
surrounds them)
Basement membrane emerged when organisms became ____________________. -
ANSWER multicellular and more complex organization (metazoan)
Function: basement membranes (BM) - ANSWER - polarity
- differentiation
- signaling
Edition Alberts Questions & Answers with rationales
(Chapter 1-24)
Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWER - Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm, aqueous environment
- DNA, genetic material
- Ribosomes, energy production
Unique to eukaryotes - ANSWER - Membrane-bound nucleus
- Defined organelles
- DNA kept inside nucleus
Unique to prokaryotes - ANSWER - Cell wall
- Unicellular always
- Circular DNA
- glycolysis
4 Places prokaryotes are found in the human body - ANSWER - Gut (alimentary
tract)
- Skin
- Urogenital system
- Respiratory tract
How do prokaryotes impact human health? - ANSWER - Symbiotic (health)
- Pathogenic (disease)
Positive effects of gut microbiome - ANSWER - Digestion, Nutrient supply, and
xenobiotic degradation
- Immune system maturation and function
- Brain development and behavior
- Protection and clearance from Pathogenic invasion
Negative effects of gut microbiome - ANSWER - Contributes to chronic kidney
diseases
- Metabolic syndromes like diabetes, obesity
- Gastro-intestinal disorders
- Colon cancer development
How many species are in the oral microbiome? - ANSWER Over 700
Hard surfaces in oral microbiome - ANSWER enamel and cementum
Soft tissue surfaces in oral microbiome - ANSWER Gingiva, tongue, palate
, Biofilm (polymicrobial biofilm / matrix) relevance to oral microbiome - ANSWER -
plaque biofilm
How many eukaryotic cells are in the human body? - ANSWER ~ 37 trillion
Function: Nucleus - ANSWER Genomic DNA, nuclear matrix proteins
Function: Nucleolus - ANSWER Within the nucleus, important for ribosome
biogenesis
Function: Mitochondrion - ANSWER Metabolic structure
Function: Lysosome - ANSWER Cellular breakdown
Function: Centriole - ANSWER Organize microtubules, cell division
Function: Golgi - ANSWER Protein modification and transport
Rough ER vs. Smooth ER - ANSWER Rough ER has ribosomes and smooth ER
does not.
Function: Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER Protein and lipid
biosynthesis
Function: Ribosome - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Function: Microtubule - ANSWER cytoskeleton
5 layers of histological tissues from skin side to buccal/cheek side (in order) -
ANSWER - Epidermis
- Dermis
- Muscle
- Submucosa
- Epithelium
True or false: Cells reside in a 3-dimensional environment - ANSWER True
True or false: all cells are relatively stationary - ANSWER False
Extracellular matrix (ECM) - ANSWER The material that exists between cells
Basement membrane definition - ANSWER The interface between cells (what
surrounds them)
Basement membrane emerged when organisms became ____________________. -
ANSWER multicellular and more complex organization (metazoan)
Function: basement membranes (BM) - ANSWER - polarity
- differentiation
- signaling
