HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
a. positive feedback
- ANSWER-An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
b. gums
- ANSWER-What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
b. Acclimatization
- ANSWER-An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of
oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
,HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
d. Iatrogenic –
ANSWER-What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical
treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
d. Neonatal –
ANSWER-Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
d. Sign
- ANSWER-Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception -
ANSWER-Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
d. They cross by diffusion
- ANSWER-By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
,HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
a. Protein synthesis
- ANSWER-Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic
metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
c. The sodium-potassium pump
- ANSWER-Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for
maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
- ANSWER-Cellular hypoxia results in:
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
- ANSWER-A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
c. Atrophy
- ANSWER-Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from
chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia -
ANSWER-What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when deep sea divers
get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, preventing the RBCs from carrying O2
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia
a. Dysplasia
- ANSWER-Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found
on a biopsy report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
d. Transcription
- ANSWER-Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from
single stranded DNA?
a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription
c. Hematopoietic tissue
- ANSWER-Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue
a. aa
- ANSWER-If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of
this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
a. duplication –
ANSWER-Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked
with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
FINAL EXAM
a. positive feedback
- ANSWER-An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
b. gums
- ANSWER-What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
b. Acclimatization
- ANSWER-An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of
oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
,HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
d. Iatrogenic –
ANSWER-What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical
treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
d. Neonatal –
ANSWER-Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
d. Sign
- ANSWER-Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
- ANSWER-Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception -
ANSWER-Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
d. They cross by diffusion
- ANSWER-By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
,HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
a. Protein synthesis
- ANSWER-Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic
metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
c. The sodium-potassium pump
- ANSWER-Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for
maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
- ANSWER-Cellular hypoxia results in:
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
- ANSWER-A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
c. Atrophy
- ANSWER-Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from
chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia -
ANSWER-What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when deep sea divers
get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, preventing the RBCs from carrying O2
, HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024
FINAL EXAM
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia
a. Dysplasia
- ANSWER-Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found
on a biopsy report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
d. Transcription
- ANSWER-Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from
single stranded DNA?
a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription
c. Hematopoietic tissue
- ANSWER-Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue
a. aa
- ANSWER-If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of
this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
a. duplication –
ANSWER-Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked
with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
