Migration and Society
College 4, 7 en 12 waren werkcolleges/workshops.
Inhoud
HC1 Introduction and structure of migration – Joris Schapendonk – 29 January 2024...........................2
Preparatory literature HC2 (Godin & Sigona, 2023)................................................................................5
HC2 Approaches – Martin van der Velde – 5 February 2024..................................................................5
Preparatory literature HC3 (Benson & O’Reilly, 2016): From lifestyle migration to lifestyle in migration:
categories, concepts and ways of thinking)............................................................................................9
HC3 From forced migration to lifestyle migration. Categorical divides and conceptual linkages – Joris
Schapendonk – 8 February 2024............................................................................................................9
HC5 (European Labour) Mobility – Martin van der Velde – 19 February 2024.....................................14
HC6 Understanding migration governance - Joris Schapendonk – 22 Februari 2024............................18
Preparatory literature HC8 (Zuluaga, 2023): Tropes of social becoming along a history of circulation
within West Africa and from there to Latin America............................................................................24
HC8 Disrupting South-to-North migration paths and discourses – Catharina Wilson – 29 February
2024......................................................................................................................................................24
Preparatory literature HC9: Garcés-Mascareñas & Penninx: Integration Processes and Policies in
Europe..................................................................................................................................................28
H1 Introduction: Integration as a Three-Ways Process Approach?...................................................28
H2 The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept..................................28
H11 Analysis and Conclusions...........................................................................................................29
HC9 Migrant (labour market) integration and inclusion – Pascal Beckers – 4 March 2024...................29
HC10 Working in the field of migration – Eline van Oosterhout (Goedwerk Foundation), Yvette Bakker
(VluchtelingenWerk), Imke Cleutjes (WSD) – 7 maart 2024..................................................................32
Trajectconsultant Nieuwe Nederlanders – Werk Samen Doen – WSD Groep Boxtel........................32
Goedwerk Foundation......................................................................................................................33
Vluchtelingwerk................................................................................................................................33
General.............................................................................................................................................33
HC11 The politics of Immigration – Andrej Zaslove – 11 March 2024...................................................35
Part 1 Migration Dynamics
1
,HC1 Introduction and structure of migration – Joris
Schapendonk – 29 January 2024
Introduction
3.6% of world population is an international migrant.
Borders are important. Administrative borders differ from the national borders.
What is a migrant? Different views.
Lot of polarisation around migration.
- Kabinet in NL viel over gezinshereniging
- Spreidingswet is aangenomen
But what image of the migrant is attached to these messages?
Discussions and interactions
Multiple migrations
Multiple perspectives
Different positionalities
Unravel complex realities
GPE & migration
Migration has a big impact.
All societies have migratory episodes, sometimes input, sometimes output.
Why GPE & Migration?
1. Geographical inequalities and environmental change are crucial to understand the human
mobility between places
a. Migration is human response to the geography of uneven development (Pacione,
p.484)
b. People go to cities because things are better there: jobs, amenities, freedom, future
c. Environmental displacement or mobility?
d. Clearly what is needed is a more sophisticated treatment of space than that which is
offered by either methodological nationalism or methodological transnationalism
(Samers & Collyer, 2017, p.37)
e. Key concepts: space, place, nodes, friction of distance, territoriality, scale/scalar
approaches
2. Migration and space as interrelation
a. Concentration/attraction
b. An asylum crisis or a more complex story?
i. 1/3 of the regions in the NL have not hosted asylum seekers since 2012
ii. Bottom neck caused because there is no flow. Because of structural factors
people who have already their papers are still in AZCs while they should be
taken up in society already.
iii. ‘Asylum crisis’ and ‘housing crisis’?
American prof. Rajagopal as UN reporter
Concerns over decline in social housing
Migrants as scapegoats?
c. How to attract the right migrants (in right city, right job)? Instead of stopping
migrants.
i. Create a soul. Sport associations, houses, etc.
ii. Proximity of housing and jobs
2
, d. What is the role of spatial planning? For who are we building? Connectivity,
infrastructure.
e. Key terms: amenities, services, infrastructures, nodes
f. Key concept: migration industry
g. What types of migrant workers are somehow needed?
h. In the Netherlands shortage, in terms of labour in dealing with questions of asylum.
What is the solution?
i. The question of migration and space goes beyond the material and productive
spaces.
j. Transnationalism = (especially) migrants live between places; migration binds
societies together here and there.
Transnational social spaces.
3. Both the facilitation as well as control of migration have ‘complex geographies’ in terms of
scales, networks, and actors
a. Territory and territoriality
b. The ‘outsourced’ border: people from Sub-Sahara move to North Africa. Eventually
they make the jump to Europe. European forces train African forces to control
migration. To prevent that they even move to North Africa.
c. Scattered geography of the border regime
d. Along migratory routes, infrastructures are built
i. Infrastructures of ‘empire’ vs. infrastructures of ‘transgression’
e. Migration is a ‘networked’ phenomenon
i. Social networks (people go to their social networks)
ii. Migration industry
4. Lived geographies (e.g. spatial imaginations, cultural globalisation, exclusion, othering,
citizenship, identity) are inherent spaces of the migration process
a. Digital nomads
b. Elderly who move to Spain
c. Key terms: friction of distance and relative distance
d. (dis)placement
e. Not only physical distance has influence on lived geographies. Relative distance also.
(e.g. Amsterdam centrum Amsterdam Zuid, small distance, but great difference)
f. Lived geographies, mobility and stratified citizenship
i. Erasmus scholarship: why?
Lower the pressure to go study abroad. Build international connections
(within Europe). Create an European identity.
Patterns of migration
Rise of number of migrants. But relatively not so substantial, because world population has also risen.
Intra-regional migration seems to be the dominant pattern.
Key term: migration corridor. Hypothetical connection wherein people move from A to B and B to A.
Global displacement.
- Enormous increase since 6/7 years.
- Difference between refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Both that you need to
leave because of certain reasons. But IDPs stay within the same country.
- A lot of refugees go to neighbouring countries.
3
, There is an overload of migration data: i.e. datafication. Who is counting what? For what reason? Are
the numbers counting the same?
The programme
Beyond of Eurocentrism…
1. +/- 80% world’s refugees are hosted in the Global South, but media focus and political
discourses shine on South-North trajectories
2. Move away from presentism: Europeans as ‘gelukszoekers’ emigrating to the Global South: in
big numbers escaping epidemies, wars or searching for greener pastures.
3. Colonial accountability vs historical amnesia. ‘We are here because you were there first’.
The structure
1. Migration dynamics: migration theory, migration processes and ‘migranticisation’
2. Society and migration: questions of governance, urban spaces, asylum, citizenship,
integration and politicisation of migration
Conclusions
Migration is inherently geographical
Migration impacts societies ‘here’, ‘there’ and ‘along the way’
Migration as a selective process
Societies as stable/static vs. societies as dynamic and open?
Migrant decision-making is important, but they don’t happen in a vacuum
4
College 4, 7 en 12 waren werkcolleges/workshops.
Inhoud
HC1 Introduction and structure of migration – Joris Schapendonk – 29 January 2024...........................2
Preparatory literature HC2 (Godin & Sigona, 2023)................................................................................5
HC2 Approaches – Martin van der Velde – 5 February 2024..................................................................5
Preparatory literature HC3 (Benson & O’Reilly, 2016): From lifestyle migration to lifestyle in migration:
categories, concepts and ways of thinking)............................................................................................9
HC3 From forced migration to lifestyle migration. Categorical divides and conceptual linkages – Joris
Schapendonk – 8 February 2024............................................................................................................9
HC5 (European Labour) Mobility – Martin van der Velde – 19 February 2024.....................................14
HC6 Understanding migration governance - Joris Schapendonk – 22 Februari 2024............................18
Preparatory literature HC8 (Zuluaga, 2023): Tropes of social becoming along a history of circulation
within West Africa and from there to Latin America............................................................................24
HC8 Disrupting South-to-North migration paths and discourses – Catharina Wilson – 29 February
2024......................................................................................................................................................24
Preparatory literature HC9: Garcés-Mascareñas & Penninx: Integration Processes and Policies in
Europe..................................................................................................................................................28
H1 Introduction: Integration as a Three-Ways Process Approach?...................................................28
H2 The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept..................................28
H11 Analysis and Conclusions...........................................................................................................29
HC9 Migrant (labour market) integration and inclusion – Pascal Beckers – 4 March 2024...................29
HC10 Working in the field of migration – Eline van Oosterhout (Goedwerk Foundation), Yvette Bakker
(VluchtelingenWerk), Imke Cleutjes (WSD) – 7 maart 2024..................................................................32
Trajectconsultant Nieuwe Nederlanders – Werk Samen Doen – WSD Groep Boxtel........................32
Goedwerk Foundation......................................................................................................................33
Vluchtelingwerk................................................................................................................................33
General.............................................................................................................................................33
HC11 The politics of Immigration – Andrej Zaslove – 11 March 2024...................................................35
Part 1 Migration Dynamics
1
,HC1 Introduction and structure of migration – Joris
Schapendonk – 29 January 2024
Introduction
3.6% of world population is an international migrant.
Borders are important. Administrative borders differ from the national borders.
What is a migrant? Different views.
Lot of polarisation around migration.
- Kabinet in NL viel over gezinshereniging
- Spreidingswet is aangenomen
But what image of the migrant is attached to these messages?
Discussions and interactions
Multiple migrations
Multiple perspectives
Different positionalities
Unravel complex realities
GPE & migration
Migration has a big impact.
All societies have migratory episodes, sometimes input, sometimes output.
Why GPE & Migration?
1. Geographical inequalities and environmental change are crucial to understand the human
mobility between places
a. Migration is human response to the geography of uneven development (Pacione,
p.484)
b. People go to cities because things are better there: jobs, amenities, freedom, future
c. Environmental displacement or mobility?
d. Clearly what is needed is a more sophisticated treatment of space than that which is
offered by either methodological nationalism or methodological transnationalism
(Samers & Collyer, 2017, p.37)
e. Key concepts: space, place, nodes, friction of distance, territoriality, scale/scalar
approaches
2. Migration and space as interrelation
a. Concentration/attraction
b. An asylum crisis or a more complex story?
i. 1/3 of the regions in the NL have not hosted asylum seekers since 2012
ii. Bottom neck caused because there is no flow. Because of structural factors
people who have already their papers are still in AZCs while they should be
taken up in society already.
iii. ‘Asylum crisis’ and ‘housing crisis’?
American prof. Rajagopal as UN reporter
Concerns over decline in social housing
Migrants as scapegoats?
c. How to attract the right migrants (in right city, right job)? Instead of stopping
migrants.
i. Create a soul. Sport associations, houses, etc.
ii. Proximity of housing and jobs
2
, d. What is the role of spatial planning? For who are we building? Connectivity,
infrastructure.
e. Key terms: amenities, services, infrastructures, nodes
f. Key concept: migration industry
g. What types of migrant workers are somehow needed?
h. In the Netherlands shortage, in terms of labour in dealing with questions of asylum.
What is the solution?
i. The question of migration and space goes beyond the material and productive
spaces.
j. Transnationalism = (especially) migrants live between places; migration binds
societies together here and there.
Transnational social spaces.
3. Both the facilitation as well as control of migration have ‘complex geographies’ in terms of
scales, networks, and actors
a. Territory and territoriality
b. The ‘outsourced’ border: people from Sub-Sahara move to North Africa. Eventually
they make the jump to Europe. European forces train African forces to control
migration. To prevent that they even move to North Africa.
c. Scattered geography of the border regime
d. Along migratory routes, infrastructures are built
i. Infrastructures of ‘empire’ vs. infrastructures of ‘transgression’
e. Migration is a ‘networked’ phenomenon
i. Social networks (people go to their social networks)
ii. Migration industry
4. Lived geographies (e.g. spatial imaginations, cultural globalisation, exclusion, othering,
citizenship, identity) are inherent spaces of the migration process
a. Digital nomads
b. Elderly who move to Spain
c. Key terms: friction of distance and relative distance
d. (dis)placement
e. Not only physical distance has influence on lived geographies. Relative distance also.
(e.g. Amsterdam centrum Amsterdam Zuid, small distance, but great difference)
f. Lived geographies, mobility and stratified citizenship
i. Erasmus scholarship: why?
Lower the pressure to go study abroad. Build international connections
(within Europe). Create an European identity.
Patterns of migration
Rise of number of migrants. But relatively not so substantial, because world population has also risen.
Intra-regional migration seems to be the dominant pattern.
Key term: migration corridor. Hypothetical connection wherein people move from A to B and B to A.
Global displacement.
- Enormous increase since 6/7 years.
- Difference between refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Both that you need to
leave because of certain reasons. But IDPs stay within the same country.
- A lot of refugees go to neighbouring countries.
3
, There is an overload of migration data: i.e. datafication. Who is counting what? For what reason? Are
the numbers counting the same?
The programme
Beyond of Eurocentrism…
1. +/- 80% world’s refugees are hosted in the Global South, but media focus and political
discourses shine on South-North trajectories
2. Move away from presentism: Europeans as ‘gelukszoekers’ emigrating to the Global South: in
big numbers escaping epidemies, wars or searching for greener pastures.
3. Colonial accountability vs historical amnesia. ‘We are here because you were there first’.
The structure
1. Migration dynamics: migration theory, migration processes and ‘migranticisation’
2. Society and migration: questions of governance, urban spaces, asylum, citizenship,
integration and politicisation of migration
Conclusions
Migration is inherently geographical
Migration impacts societies ‘here’, ‘there’ and ‘along the way’
Migration as a selective process
Societies as stable/static vs. societies as dynamic and open?
Migrant decision-making is important, but they don’t happen in a vacuum
4
