BIO120 TEST 2 UOFT LECTURE 9-15 RATED A+

BIO120 TEST 2 UOFT LECTURE 9-15 RATED A+ taxonomic diversification divergence causing a change in species name Taxonomy The scientific study of how living things are classified; like the vocabulary to the grammar of systematics Carol Linnaeus "Father of Taxonomy"; established his classification of living things; famous for animal naming system of binomial nomenclature; came BEFORE Darwin sympatric within a region Allopatric across regions taxonomic (morphological) naming of species naming based mostly on distinct measurable differences biological naming of species naming based on inter-fertility Biological Species Concept (BSC) Defines species as groups of interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups allopatric speciation The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another. vitelline envelope receptor (VERL)/Lysin interaction an example of reproductive isolating barrier (prezygotic barrier) in Lecture 9, VERL (egg of abalone) only takes specific lysin sperm. Like a molecular "lock and key" pre-zygotic barriers A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted, so NO zygote gets formed (geography, ecology, temporal, behaviour, mechanical [genital compatibility], cellular) apple maggot flies have different timing of mating depending on preferred host plant; example of prezygotic barrier because the different mating periods reduces fly gene flow by 94%!!! in sympatry post zygotic barriers prevent proper functioning of zygotes once they are formed; caused by combinations of genes with low fitness in the hybrid; CANNOT be favored by natural selection; Intrinsic Postzygotic Barriers hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, or abnormal development of hybrids Extrinsic Postzygotic Barriers mismatch of phenotypes in hybrids to environment sterile incapable of reproducing Hinny cross of a male horse and female donkey; opposed to mules which is vice versa. example of intrinsic postzygotic isolation in lecture 9 Heliconius butterflies example of extrinsic post-zygotic isolation; CAN form hybrids, but those hybrids can't mate and are less viable ecological speciation the evolution of reproductive barriers between populations by local adaptation correlation 4 things commonly ID an adaptive radiation: 1) recent common ancestry 2) phenotype-environment ______________