Theological Bioethics (RELG 2650) Midterm IDs 2024 with 100% Solved Solutions

bioethics - The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care. ethics - sustained and intentional reflection on morality and the moral life with analysis, discontent, reasoning, and arguments moral rules or principles of behavior that should guide members of a profession or organization and make them deal honestly and fairly with each other and with their custom utilitarianism - 1 fundamental moral good-to maximize outcomes of "utility" -greatest good for the greatest number of people-the greatest aggregate happiness outcome deontological - -concerned with universal/general and impartial rules or responsibilities of moral conduct -absolute rule derived from ostensibly universal principles of reason, done solely out of sense of duty categorical imperative - A concept developed by the philosopher Immanuel Kant as an ethical guideline for behavior. In deciding whether an action is right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable, a person should evaluate the action in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the same situation, or category, acted the same way. -tells us what must be done irrespective of our personal desires or goals natural law - Thomas Aquinas -right actions are those that conform to the moral standards embedded in nature and all reasonable people can discover and affirm them through human reason -nature itself is telological rights theory - -derived from modern democratic thinking casuistry/ethical pragmatism - -focus on analyzing specific cases and then analogical reasoning from them -claims confidence in circumstances vs broad general moral principles divine command theory - -view of ethics by most people who follow religion -source of long-standing moral code -morality is an expression of gods will 10 commandments-the symbol Difficulties: -problematic in pluralistic societies because depends on religious agreement -authoritarian and not autonomously motivated -too focused on the next/spiritual life revelation - God will communicate to people the basis of moral life through written and living heritage of the church (depositum fidei) convenant - (berit) the special partnership that god forges with this special figure of Abraham and then his decendents; and then the people at large -there are mutual rights and responsibilities; but always initiated by god (asymetric in that sense) -with specific people, but the purpose is to overflow into the rest of humanity (universal dynamic/significance) prophets - People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others - Torah - -"teaching/instruction" -says very little about medical care -God is the healer The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this -the code Talmud - compilation of Mishna combined with Rabbinic commentary and decisions 2 versions 1.Palestinian 2. Babylonian halakhah - Jewish laws as applied to jewish living -responsorial, ongoing engagement; return to sources and apply them to new issues in modern society -highly conversational, debate and questioning is part of the processes -causist-it does focus on specific cases and how they would relate to ones that have clear presence in the Torah -highly porous/open-ended -extended beyond what is clearly stated in the Talmud divine body ownership - in Jewish law the body is on loan from God for the duration of life, so there is a duty not to harm the body tikkun olam - respect for life is fundamental -responsibility to health and healing