US History II Clep Study Guide

Where did Tammany Hall (political machine) get most of its support? --poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner cities. they promised them help in return for votes. European Musical Influence+African=a 1890s New Orleans originated musical genre... --Jazz Tet Offensive --failed attacks by the Vietcong guerillas and North Vietnamese, but it simultaneously ended US hopes for an early end to the Vietnam War What even triggered the Truman Doctrine? --The Greek Civil War What was the Greek Civil War about? --Greece was torn between Communism and democracy and they could not have defeated communism without western help. Cause of the Spanish-American War: --American expansionism and support for the Cuban nationalism. US Senate reaction to the 1918 Treaty of Versailles? --The senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and for the treaty that the peace conference produced. Wilson refused to compromise on various treaty provisions and the senate rejected the treaty both times it was sent to them. The Lost Generation --young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity dominating 1920s America Boss Tweed --Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine (greedy) Name four factors that contributed to the Great Depression --excessive stocks and securities speculation//protectionist trade measures//huge farm debts resulting from collapsed crop prices//imbalance of distribution of wealth in which the rich controlled far too much of the available income Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 --This Act reversed previous Indian policy by guaranteeing religious freedom and tribal self-government and providing economic assistance. Lyndon Johnson's Great Society Program --aimed to secure civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty Jim Crow Laws --established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites Smoot-Hawley Tariffs long term effect: --Europe retaliated and our economy as well as theirs weakened. Smoot-Hawley Tariffs --raised US tariffs on imported goods. second highest raise in US history...decreased our exports and imports by half Why was the Iran-Contra affair upsetting? --we traded arms to Iran for the release of our hostages what area of the US saw the greatest percentage of population increase between 1860 and 1910? --the great plains why was the 14th amendment important? --guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen. who was president for the 14th amendment? --Andrew Johnson 13th amendment --prohibited slavery 15th amendment --guaranteed voting rights 19th amendment --women could vote 16th amendment --authorized income tax Why did watergate lead to Nixon's impeachment? --because of his role of covering it up Atlantic Charter --set collective war strategy and long-term war goals for Britain and the United States Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 --Sponsored by Senator Henry L Dawes, this act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men. Marshall Plan --a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe () Truman Doctrine --President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology W.E.B. Du Bois --fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP John Dewey --He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." dumbarton oaks conference --In a meeting near Washington, D.C., held from August 21 to October 7, 1944, U.S., Great Britain, U.S.S.R. and China met to draft the constitution of the United Nations. worst unemployment rate during depression --25% Turning Point in Pacific war between U.S. and Japan --Midway Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka --ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice of segregation via "separate but equal" schools for blacks and whites One of the major effects of the Industrial Revolution --emphasis on speed over quality of work American hostage crisis in Iran --American gov allowed the deposed Iranian Shah to come to the U.S. for cancer treatment Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" Policy --retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination, which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America Reaganomics --"trickle down" theory- supply side economic policies. cut federal spending on domestic programs and cut taxes for the wealthy and corporations. he thought this would help create new jobs. Fourteen Points --Woodrow Wilson's 1918 proposal to convince Germans they would be treated fairly if they surrendered.