Samenvatting
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
Aviation
Academy
Faculty
of
Technology
Amsterdam
University
of
Applied
Sciences
,Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
Inhoudsopgave
WEEK
1:
SYSTEM
DESIGN
.................................................................................................................
5
WAT
IS
EEN
SYSTEEM?
..............................................................................................................................
5
BASIS
VORM
SYSTEMEN
............................................................................................................................
5
SYSTEM
LEVELS
.......................................................................................................................................
5
REQUIREMENTS
ON
MANY
LEVELS
...............................................................................................................
5
SUBSYSTEM
DESIGN
.................................................................................................................................
6
DESIGN
APPROACHES
...............................................................................................................................
6
SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
..............................................................................................................................
6
SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
AND
DESIGN
.............................................................................................................
6
VDI-‐2221
PROCESS
.................................................................................................................................
7
WEEK
2:
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
7
PRIMARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
......................................................................................................................
7
SECONDARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
..................................................................................................................
7
REQUIREMENTS
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
7
UNCONVENTIONAL
AND
COMBINED
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
...................................................................................
8
OTHER
PRIMARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
8
CONTROLS
FLIGHTDECK
............................................................................................................................
8
CONNECTIE
FLIGHTDECK
&
CONTROLS
.........................................................................................................
9
CONTROL
PRINCIPES
.................................................................................................................................
9
FLUTTER
................................................................................................................................................
9
FLY
BY
WIRE
............................................................................................................................................
9
WORKSHOP
2
-‐
TAILPLANE
TRIM
ACTUATOR
................................................................................
10
WEEK
3:
ENGINE
CONTROLS
AND
FUEL
SYSTEMS
...........................................................................
11
ENGINE
CONTROLS
PRIMARY
FUNCTIONS
...................................................................................................
11
PRIMARY
THRUST
CONTROL
.....................................................................................................................
11
PRIMARY
THRUST
CONTROL:
STABILITY
......................................................................................................
11
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
..........................................................................................................................
11
BASIC
CONTROL
SYSTEM
.........................................................................................................................
12
REQUIRED
SPACE
FOR
FUEL
......................................................................................................................
12
FUEL
CONSUMPTION
FROM
TANKS
............................................................................................................
12
VARIATIES
OMGEVING
FUEL
SYSTEM
..........................................................................................................
13
TYPES
FUEL
...........................................................................................................................................
13
TANK
TYPES
..........................................................................................................................................
13
ASPECTS
OF
TANK
DESIGN
.......................................................................................................................
14
FUEL
QUANTITY
MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................
14
FUEL
INDICATION
SYSTEMS
......................................................................................................................
14
FUEL
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................................
14
SCAVENGE
PUMPS
.................................................................................................................................
14
REFUELING
SYSTEMS
..............................................................................................................................
15
VENT
SYSTEMS
......................................................................................................................................
15
FUEL
INERTING
......................................................................................................................................
15
SYTEM
OPERATION
................................................................................................................................
15
WEEK
4:
HYDRAULICS
....................................................................................................................
17
USERS
SECONDARY
POWER
......................................................................................................................
17
POSSIBLE
SOURCES
SECONDARY
POWER
.....................................................................................................
17
POSSIBLE
SOURCES
ELECTRICITY
................................................................................................................
17
HYDRAULICS:
CURRENTLY
PRIME
..............................................................................................................
17
BASIC
PRINCIPLE
....................................................................................................................................
17
2
,Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
CONDITIONERING:
COOLING
....................................................................................................................
18
ACCUMULATORS
...................................................................................................................................
18
VALVES
................................................................................................................................................
18
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
............................................................................................................................
19
POWER
REDUNDANCY
............................................................................................................................
19
RETRACTION
MECHANISMS
......................................................................................................................
19
OLEO
STRUT
.........................................................................................................................................
20
MULTI
DISC
BRAKES
...............................................................................................................................
20
CARBON
BRAKES
....................................................................................................................................
20
ANTI-‐SKID
SYSTEEM
...............................................................................................................................
20
WORKSHOP
4:
BRAKE
ENERGY
......................................................................................................
21
SIZING
REQUIREMENTS
...........................................................................................................................
21
CARBON
BRAKES
....................................................................................................................................
21
WEEK
5:
PNEUMATICS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
..............................................................
22
BLEED
AIR
–
REQUIREMENTS
...................................................................................................................
22
Bleed
air
–
The
supplier
.................................................................................................................
22
Bleed
air
–
users
............................................................................................................................
22
CABIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
............................................................................................................
22
PRESSURIZATION
SCHEDULE
.....................................................................................................................
23
ECS
REQUIREMENTS
AND
ENERGY
............................................................................................................
23
CABINE
PRESSURE
CONTROL
....................................................................................................................
23
LOSS
DUE
TO
DRAG
................................................................................................................................
23
CABINE
CIRCULATIE
................................................................................................................................
23
ECS
....................................................................................................................................................
23
RECIRCULATION
....................................................................................................................................
24
HUMIDITY
CONTROL
...............................................................................................................................
24
Water
seperator
...........................................................................................................................
24
ACM-‐SYSTEM
–
CONTROL
......................................................................................................................
24
ICE
PROTECTION
....................................................................................................................................
25
Boot
systems
.................................................................................................................................
25
Engine
inlet
...................................................................................................................................
25
THE
ENGINE
AS
SOURCE
FOR
BLEED
AIR
......................................................................................................
25
ENGINE
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................................................
26
ENGINE
BLEED
AIR
DUCTING
....................................................................................................................
26
WORKSHOP
5:
EXPLOSIVE
DECOMPRESSION
.................................................................................
26
EXPLOSIEVE
DECOMPRESSIE
.....................................................................................................................
26
WEEK
6:
EMERGENCY
SYSTEMS
.....................................................................................................
27
EMERGENCY
SYSTEMS
............................................................................................................................
27
Karakteristieken
............................................................................................................................
27
WARNING
SYSTEMS
...............................................................................................................................
27
Warning
Display
...........................................................................................................................
27
Attention
‘Getters’
........................................................................................................................
28
ECAM
en
EICAS
.............................................................................................................................
28
Voorbeelden
waarschuwingssystemen
.........................................................................................
28
FIRE
DETECTION
AND
PROTECTION
............................................................................................................
29
Fire
extinguising
............................................................................................................................
30
Fire
protection
..............................................................................................................................
30
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
..................................................................................................................................
31
Oxygen
generators
.......................................................................................................................
32
RAM
AIR
TURBINES
(RAT)
......................................................................................................................
32
3
, Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
WORKSHOP
6
–
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS:
OPERATIONAL
ASPECTS
..........................................................
32
OPERATIONAL
ASPECTS
...........................................................................................................................
32
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
..................................................................................................................................
33
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
–
MILITARY
..................................................................................................................
33
EMERGENCY
DESCENT
............................................................................................................................
33
WEEK
7:
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURES
.................................................................................................
34
EVOLUTION
..........................................................................................................................................
34
TERMINOLOGY
......................................................................................................................................
34
SINGLE
LANGE
SYSTEM
............................................................................................................................
34
DUAL
LANE
SYSTEM
................................................................................................................................
35
DUAL/DUAL
SYSTEM
..............................................................................................................................
35
TRIPLE
LANE
SYSTEM
..............................................................................................................................
35
QUADRUPLE
LANE
SYSTEM
......................................................................................................................
35
TRIPLEX
OR
DUAL/DUAL
..........................................................................................................................
36
VAN
TRIPLE
NAAR
DUAL
LANE
..................................................................................................................
36
MERGING
THE
CHANNELS
........................................................................................................................
36
IMPLEMENTATION
.................................................................................................................................
36
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
............................................................................................................................
36
THREE
LOOPS
OF
FLIGHT
CONTROL
............................................................................................................
37
RELIABILITY
AND
REQUIREMENTS
..............................................................................................................
37
WEEK
8:
SIGNALS
AND
DATABUSES
...............................................................................................
38
ANALOGUE
VS
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
..............................................................................................................
38
ALIASING
AND
INCIDENTS
........................................................................................................................
38
FROM
ANALOGUE
TO
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
.....................................................................................................
38
DISTRIBUTED
ANALOGUE
SETUP
...............................................................................................................
38
DISTRIBUTED
DIGITAL
SETUP
....................................................................................................................
38
FEDERATED
ARCHITECTURE
......................................................................................................................
39
INTERGRATED
MODULAR
SETUP
...............................................................................................................
39
DATA
BUS
STANDARDS
...........................................................................................................................
39
ARINC
429
DATA
BUS
...........................................................................................................................
39
MIL-‐STD-‐1553B
DATA
BUS
...................................................................................................................
40
ARINC
629
DATA
BUS
..........................................................................................................................
40
AFDX
EN
ARINC
664
............................................................................................................................
40
IMA
APPROACH
....................................................................................................................................
41
WORKSHOP
8:
HAZARDS
AND
PROBABILITIES
...............................................................................
41
CS-‐25.1309
........................................................................................................................................
41
BOUNDARIES
........................................................................................................................................
41
FAIL
SAFE
DESIGN
..................................................................................................................................
42
WEEK
9:
ADVANCED
SYSTEMS
.......................................................................................................
42
A380
SYSTEM
......................................................................................................................................
42
FURTHER
INTEGRATION
..........................................................................................................................
42
B-‐2
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
...........................................................................................................................
42
B787
SYSTEM
INTEGRATION
...................................................................................................................
43
VEHICLE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
.............................................................................................................
43
4
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
Aviation
Academy
Faculty
of
Technology
Amsterdam
University
of
Applied
Sciences
,Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
Inhoudsopgave
WEEK
1:
SYSTEM
DESIGN
.................................................................................................................
5
WAT
IS
EEN
SYSTEEM?
..............................................................................................................................
5
BASIS
VORM
SYSTEMEN
............................................................................................................................
5
SYSTEM
LEVELS
.......................................................................................................................................
5
REQUIREMENTS
ON
MANY
LEVELS
...............................................................................................................
5
SUBSYSTEM
DESIGN
.................................................................................................................................
6
DESIGN
APPROACHES
...............................................................................................................................
6
SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
..............................................................................................................................
6
SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
AND
DESIGN
.............................................................................................................
6
VDI-‐2221
PROCESS
.................................................................................................................................
7
WEEK
2:
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
7
PRIMARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
......................................................................................................................
7
SECONDARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
..................................................................................................................
7
REQUIREMENTS
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
7
UNCONVENTIONAL
AND
COMBINED
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
...................................................................................
8
OTHER
PRIMARY
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
.............................................................................................................
8
CONTROLS
FLIGHTDECK
............................................................................................................................
8
CONNECTIE
FLIGHTDECK
&
CONTROLS
.........................................................................................................
9
CONTROL
PRINCIPES
.................................................................................................................................
9
FLUTTER
................................................................................................................................................
9
FLY
BY
WIRE
............................................................................................................................................
9
WORKSHOP
2
-‐
TAILPLANE
TRIM
ACTUATOR
................................................................................
10
WEEK
3:
ENGINE
CONTROLS
AND
FUEL
SYSTEMS
...........................................................................
11
ENGINE
CONTROLS
PRIMARY
FUNCTIONS
...................................................................................................
11
PRIMARY
THRUST
CONTROL
.....................................................................................................................
11
PRIMARY
THRUST
CONTROL:
STABILITY
......................................................................................................
11
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
..........................................................................................................................
11
BASIC
CONTROL
SYSTEM
.........................................................................................................................
12
REQUIRED
SPACE
FOR
FUEL
......................................................................................................................
12
FUEL
CONSUMPTION
FROM
TANKS
............................................................................................................
12
VARIATIES
OMGEVING
FUEL
SYSTEM
..........................................................................................................
13
TYPES
FUEL
...........................................................................................................................................
13
TANK
TYPES
..........................................................................................................................................
13
ASPECTS
OF
TANK
DESIGN
.......................................................................................................................
14
FUEL
QUANTITY
MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................
14
FUEL
INDICATION
SYSTEMS
......................................................................................................................
14
FUEL
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................................
14
SCAVENGE
PUMPS
.................................................................................................................................
14
REFUELING
SYSTEMS
..............................................................................................................................
15
VENT
SYSTEMS
......................................................................................................................................
15
FUEL
INERTING
......................................................................................................................................
15
SYTEM
OPERATION
................................................................................................................................
15
WEEK
4:
HYDRAULICS
....................................................................................................................
17
USERS
SECONDARY
POWER
......................................................................................................................
17
POSSIBLE
SOURCES
SECONDARY
POWER
.....................................................................................................
17
POSSIBLE
SOURCES
ELECTRICITY
................................................................................................................
17
HYDRAULICS:
CURRENTLY
PRIME
..............................................................................................................
17
BASIC
PRINCIPLE
....................................................................................................................................
17
2
,Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
CONDITIONERING:
COOLING
....................................................................................................................
18
ACCUMULATORS
...................................................................................................................................
18
VALVES
................................................................................................................................................
18
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
............................................................................................................................
19
POWER
REDUNDANCY
............................................................................................................................
19
RETRACTION
MECHANISMS
......................................................................................................................
19
OLEO
STRUT
.........................................................................................................................................
20
MULTI
DISC
BRAKES
...............................................................................................................................
20
CARBON
BRAKES
....................................................................................................................................
20
ANTI-‐SKID
SYSTEEM
...............................................................................................................................
20
WORKSHOP
4:
BRAKE
ENERGY
......................................................................................................
21
SIZING
REQUIREMENTS
...........................................................................................................................
21
CARBON
BRAKES
....................................................................................................................................
21
WEEK
5:
PNEUMATICS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
..............................................................
22
BLEED
AIR
–
REQUIREMENTS
...................................................................................................................
22
Bleed
air
–
The
supplier
.................................................................................................................
22
Bleed
air
–
users
............................................................................................................................
22
CABIN
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
............................................................................................................
22
PRESSURIZATION
SCHEDULE
.....................................................................................................................
23
ECS
REQUIREMENTS
AND
ENERGY
............................................................................................................
23
CABINE
PRESSURE
CONTROL
....................................................................................................................
23
LOSS
DUE
TO
DRAG
................................................................................................................................
23
CABINE
CIRCULATIE
................................................................................................................................
23
ECS
....................................................................................................................................................
23
RECIRCULATION
....................................................................................................................................
24
HUMIDITY
CONTROL
...............................................................................................................................
24
Water
seperator
...........................................................................................................................
24
ACM-‐SYSTEM
–
CONTROL
......................................................................................................................
24
ICE
PROTECTION
....................................................................................................................................
25
Boot
systems
.................................................................................................................................
25
Engine
inlet
...................................................................................................................................
25
THE
ENGINE
AS
SOURCE
FOR
BLEED
AIR
......................................................................................................
25
ENGINE
SYSTEM
....................................................................................................................................
26
ENGINE
BLEED
AIR
DUCTING
....................................................................................................................
26
WORKSHOP
5:
EXPLOSIVE
DECOMPRESSION
.................................................................................
26
EXPLOSIEVE
DECOMPRESSIE
.....................................................................................................................
26
WEEK
6:
EMERGENCY
SYSTEMS
.....................................................................................................
27
EMERGENCY
SYSTEMS
............................................................................................................................
27
Karakteristieken
............................................................................................................................
27
WARNING
SYSTEMS
...............................................................................................................................
27
Warning
Display
...........................................................................................................................
27
Attention
‘Getters’
........................................................................................................................
28
ECAM
en
EICAS
.............................................................................................................................
28
Voorbeelden
waarschuwingssystemen
.........................................................................................
28
FIRE
DETECTION
AND
PROTECTION
............................................................................................................
29
Fire
extinguising
............................................................................................................................
30
Fire
protection
..............................................................................................................................
30
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
..................................................................................................................................
31
Oxygen
generators
.......................................................................................................................
32
RAM
AIR
TURBINES
(RAT)
......................................................................................................................
32
3
, Block
2
Aircraft
Systems
Integration
2ENG
WORKSHOP
6
–
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS:
OPERATIONAL
ASPECTS
..........................................................
32
OPERATIONAL
ASPECTS
...........................................................................................................................
32
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
..................................................................................................................................
33
OXYGEN
SYSTEMS
–
MILITARY
..................................................................................................................
33
EMERGENCY
DESCENT
............................................................................................................................
33
WEEK
7:
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURES
.................................................................................................
34
EVOLUTION
..........................................................................................................................................
34
TERMINOLOGY
......................................................................................................................................
34
SINGLE
LANGE
SYSTEM
............................................................................................................................
34
DUAL
LANE
SYSTEM
................................................................................................................................
35
DUAL/DUAL
SYSTEM
..............................................................................................................................
35
TRIPLE
LANE
SYSTEM
..............................................................................................................................
35
QUADRUPLE
LANE
SYSTEM
......................................................................................................................
35
TRIPLEX
OR
DUAL/DUAL
..........................................................................................................................
36
VAN
TRIPLE
NAAR
DUAL
LANE
..................................................................................................................
36
MERGING
THE
CHANNELS
........................................................................................................................
36
IMPLEMENTATION
.................................................................................................................................
36
FLIGHT
MANAGEMENT
............................................................................................................................
36
THREE
LOOPS
OF
FLIGHT
CONTROL
............................................................................................................
37
RELIABILITY
AND
REQUIREMENTS
..............................................................................................................
37
WEEK
8:
SIGNALS
AND
DATABUSES
...............................................................................................
38
ANALOGUE
VS
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
..............................................................................................................
38
ALIASING
AND
INCIDENTS
........................................................................................................................
38
FROM
ANALOGUE
TO
DIGITAL
SYSTEMS
.....................................................................................................
38
DISTRIBUTED
ANALOGUE
SETUP
...............................................................................................................
38
DISTRIBUTED
DIGITAL
SETUP
....................................................................................................................
38
FEDERATED
ARCHITECTURE
......................................................................................................................
39
INTERGRATED
MODULAR
SETUP
...............................................................................................................
39
DATA
BUS
STANDARDS
...........................................................................................................................
39
ARINC
429
DATA
BUS
...........................................................................................................................
39
MIL-‐STD-‐1553B
DATA
BUS
...................................................................................................................
40
ARINC
629
DATA
BUS
..........................................................................................................................
40
AFDX
EN
ARINC
664
............................................................................................................................
40
IMA
APPROACH
....................................................................................................................................
41
WORKSHOP
8:
HAZARDS
AND
PROBABILITIES
...............................................................................
41
CS-‐25.1309
........................................................................................................................................
41
BOUNDARIES
........................................................................................................................................
41
FAIL
SAFE
DESIGN
..................................................................................................................................
42
WEEK
9:
ADVANCED
SYSTEMS
.......................................................................................................
42
A380
SYSTEM
......................................................................................................................................
42
FURTHER
INTEGRATION
..........................................................................................................................
42
B-‐2
FLIGHT
CONTROLS
...........................................................................................................................
42
B787
SYSTEM
INTEGRATION
...................................................................................................................
43
VEHICLE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
.............................................................................................................
43
4
