GEO 401 exam 2 2023 with 100% correct answers

The Earth's upper mantle is mainly made of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock with lots of olivine crystals. Which type of magma can be produced when the upper mantle undergoes decompression melting of the upper mantle peridotite at mid-ocean ridges? - correct answer -Basaltic Seismic studies of the earth have shown that the platnet's interior is made of a few layers with distinct seismic signatures and chemical compositions. The major layers of the planet include (from innermost to the outermost layers) ____________. - correct answer -inner core, outer core, mantle, crust Melting occurs when a solid (rock) becomes a liquid (melt: magma). There are a number of pressure, temperature, and compostioinal conditions that can cause a rock to melt. Which one of the following conditions can cause a rock to melt in the Eath's deep interior? - correct answer -All of the above -addition of volatiles such as water inti the rock - decompression (a decrease in pressure) - and increase in temperature The mineralogy of terrestrial planets evolves as a consequence of a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Based on the statement, the number of minerals in the Earth would ________ as the planet evolves through time. - correct answer -increase Which of the following metamorphic facies represents the highest temp? - correct answer -Granulite A geothermometer is ____________. - correct answer -a mineral assemblage that reveals the maximum temp attained by a rock A number of geological principles such as Principle of Superpostion, Principle of Original Horizontality, and Principle of Faunal Succession have been used to understand geological records in rock formations. Based on these principles, which one of the following statements is TRUE? - correct answer -In a sequence of undisturbed layered rock, the oldest rocks are on the bottom Fossils are most common in which types of rocks? - correct answer -sedimentary Unconformity is the surface between two layers that were laid down in a broken sequence. Which of the following statements about the unconformity are TRUE? - correct answer -All of the Above - Angular unconformity is an unconformity in which younger sediments rest upon the eroded surface of tilted or folded older rocks - Disconformity is an unconformity between beds that are parallel - Nonconformity is an unconformity between stratified rocks above and unstratified igneous or metamorphic rocks below The principle of superposition states that _______________. - correct answer -undisturbed sedimentary layers get progressively younger from bottom to top