NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Chamberlain FNP program Questions With Complete Solutions

How does blood flow through the heart? correct answer: Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body What is systole? correct answer: Contraction of the heart which pumps blood Diastole correct answer: Relaxation of the heart What produces S1 and S2 sound? correct answer: closing of the heart valves What produces S1? correct answer: The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole What produces S2 sound? correct answer: The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole What is cardiac output? correct answer: the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute What is stroke volume? correct answer: amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction What determines cardiac output? correct answer: stroke volume and heart rate What is preload? correct answer: the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole What is afterload? correct answer: resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood What is contractility? correct answer: Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? correct answer: Decreased What conditions can result in decreased contractility? correct answer: Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy What can cause increase afterload? correct answer: HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to the aortic valve What has the most immediate effect on afterload? correct answer: HTN Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? correct answer: Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance What does increased preload do to stroke volume? correct answer: Increases stroke volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however